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unique pattern created by each individual to make sense of their world

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construct system

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intellectual hypothesis we use to interpret events and constantly test (bipolar in nature e.g, honest vs dishonest)

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construct

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we are free to revise or replace constructs with other alternatives as needed

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construct alternativism

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states that our psychological processes are directed by the ways in which we anticipate events (no suggestion of internal mental energy)

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fundamental postulate

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personality is a _____, ______ process directed by constructs and we use the constructs to predict the future, what is likely to occur if we behave in a certain way

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flowing, moving

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there are ___ corollaries of ___ _____ theory

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11 personal construct

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the ____ corollary: similarities among repeated events (we can predict of anticipate how we will experience such an event in the future)

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construction (we will never experience something in exactly the same way but there are recurrent themes of features that emerge)

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the ____ corollary: individual differences in interpreting events (people perceive events in different ways)

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individuality

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the ____ corollary: relationships among constructs (we arrange our constructs in patterns, according to our view of their similarities and differences; can include subordinate constructs)

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organization

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the ____ corollary: 2 mutually exclusive alternatives (constructs are bipolar)

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dichotomy (ex: honesty v. dishonesty)

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the ____ corollary: freedom of choice

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choice (we choose the alt. for each construct that works best for us that allows us to predict outcome of anticipated events)

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the ____ corollary: the range of convenience. our constructs may apply to many situations or people, or they may be limited to a single person of situation

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range "range of convenience" spectrum of events to which a construct can be applied (think about tall vs. short)

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the ____ corollary: exposure to new experiences. we continually test our constructs against lifes experiences to make sure they remain useful

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experiences

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the ____ corollary: adapting to new experiences. our constructs may apply to many situations of people, or limited to a single person or situation; differing permeability

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modulation

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the ____ corollary: competition among constructs

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fragmentation (we may have contradictory or inconsistent subordinate constructs within our overall construct system)

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the _____ corollary: similarities among people in interpreting events

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commonality (although our individual constructs are unique to us, people in compatible groups or cultures may hold similar constructs)

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the ____ corollary: construing constructs for interpersonal relationships

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sociality (we try to understand how other people think and predict what they will do, and we modify our behavior accordingly and play different roles)

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questions about human nature: ____: we are the authors not the victims of our destiny past events are not ____ of present behavior we are motivated by being ____ ____ mental processes form our personality

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optimism determinants alive rational

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assessment in kelly's theory: self characterization sketch _____ test constructs we apply to important people in our lives ____ _____ therapy

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role construct repertory test (REP) fixed role

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REP studies show this

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stability of constructs over time we choose friends with similar construct systems married couples whose constructs were similar reported greater happiness differences between normal subj and psychiatric patients

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research on kellys theory: cognitive complexity vs cognitive simplicity: ______

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ability to perceive differences among people

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cognitive complexity

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increases with age linked to diverse experiences in childhood higher in women higher in bi-cultural students

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george kellys approach to personality is called

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personal construct theory

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kellys personality theory is based on the importance of

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our interpretation of our environment

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george kellys personality theory is similar to his own childhood and personality

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plain, direct, consistent

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kellys personality theory emerged from

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his counseling work with students

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far more than the other theorists, kellys approach emphasizes ___ functioning

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intellectual

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a person makes hypotheses and tests them against

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experiences

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a construct is a

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persons way of looking at the events in his or her world

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once we have formed a construct, we

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test is against reality

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the freedom to revise constructs is called

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constructive alternativism

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personal constructs are oriented toward the

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anticipation of future events

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according to the individuality corollary

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different people perceive the same event in different ways

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the test of a construct system is how well it

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predicts events

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in a dichotomized construct, the alternative we select is determined by

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how well it predicts future events

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when we select the high risk/high reward alternative in a dichotomized construct, we are

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extending the construct system

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a constructs range of convenience is the

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range of events to which it can be applied

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the idea that two constructs may be consistent in one situation and inconsistent in another situation is the

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fragmentation corollary

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the ___ corollary explains how we construe the constructions of others

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sociality

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kellys main contribution to assessment is the

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role construct repertory (REP) test

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friendships among college students are likely to endure when their constructs are

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similar

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today, kellys theory of personality is

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more popular elsewhere than in the united states

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kelly was born in ____ only child of ____ and started high school when he was 13 yrs old and rarely lived at home after that

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kansas fundamentalists

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kelly got his bachelors in ___ and ____ and his PhD in _____ in 1931

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physics, mathematics psychology

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kelly treated students referred by their teachers for counseling, adopted an _____ attitude in the counseling process and was a major force in ____ psychology

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intellectual clinical

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the cognitive movement in psych: individuality create a set of cognitive constructs about the _______ opposed to the __ & __ approaches people function as _____ _____ ___ : used to predict and control the events in our lives failed to gain mainstream recog

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environment behavioral & psychoanalytic scientists personal constructs

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Personal Construct

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Personality in terms of the cognitive processes. We are capable of interpreting behaviors and events and of using this understanding to guide our behavior and to predict the behavior of other people

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Construing

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is our unique view of events

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Construct system

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is the unique pattern created by each individual

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Construct

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intellectual hypothesis that we devise and use to interpret or explain life events. Constructs are bipolar or dichotomous such as tall versus short or honest versus dishonest.

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Constructive Alternativism

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the idea that we are free to revise or replace our constructrs with alternatives as needed

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construction

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repeated events are similar we can predict or anticipate how we will experience such an event in the future

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individuality Organization

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people perceive events in different ways

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cichotomy

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constructs are bipolar. we have the idea of honesty but the concept includes dishonesty

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choice

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we choose to alternative for each construct that works best for us the one that allows us to predict the outcome of anticipated events.

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range

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our constructs may apply to many situations or people or they may be limited to a single person or situation

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experience

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continually rest our constructs against life experiences to make sure they remain useful

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modulation

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modify our constructs as a function of new experiences

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fragmentation

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may sometimes have contradictory or inconsisitent subordinate constructs within our overall constuct system

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commonality

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although our individual constructs are unique to us people in compatible groups or cultures may hold similar constructs

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sociality

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we try to understand how other people think and predict what they will do an we modify our behavior accordingly

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range of convience

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the spectrum of events to which a constuct can be applied. some constructs are relevant to a limited number of people or situations other constructs are broader.

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permeability

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the idea that constructs cna be revised and extended in light of new experiences

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Self characterization sketch

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technique designed to asses a persons construct system that is how a person perceives himself or herself in relation to other people

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fixed role therapy

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technique in which the client acts out constructs appropriate for a fictitious person. this show the client how the new construct can be more efective that theold ones he or she has been using

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cognitive complexity

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cognitive style of way of constuing the envirometn characterized by the ability to perceive differences among people *Healthy*

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cognitive simplicity

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a cognitive style or way of construing the envirometn characterized by a relative inability to perceive differences among people. Not flexible, unhealthy, no shades of gray.

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Individuality Corollary

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individual deffernces in interpreting events

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Organization Corollary

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relationships among constructs. we organize our constructs into patterns according to out view of the interrelationship that is their similarities and differences

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Dichotomy Corollary

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two mutually exclusive alternatives. if we are to anticipate future events correctly then we must note similarities among people of events as well as dissimilariteis. Honesty vs. Dishonesty

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The Choice Corollary

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Freedom of choice. High Risk-Low Prediction Low Risk-High Prediction

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Range Corollary

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range of convience. Tall vs. Short

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Experience Corollary

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Exposure to new experiences. Its a hypothesis generated on the basis of past experience to predict or anticipate future events

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Modulation Corollary

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Adapting to new experiences.

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Fragmentation Corollary

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Competition Among constructs

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Commonality Corollary

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Similarities among people in interpreting events

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Sociality Corollary

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interpersonal relationships

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Human Nature

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Optimistic, Conscious, did not accept determinism. He did not consider past events as determinates of present behavior (kelly). The individuality of uniqueness of many of outr constructs andd therefore the self.{Free will, Nature, present and future}

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Self Characterization Sketches

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asses a construct system is to have the person write a sketch.

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Role Construct Repertory Test

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uncover the constructs we apply to the important people in our lives.

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Life of Kelly

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Born on a farm in Kansas. Only child. Parents fundamentalist in their religios beliefs and believed in helping the poor. Taught by parents till 13. Joine US Navy

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Construction Corollary

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similarities among repeated events. believed that no life event or experience could be reproduced exactly as it occured the first time.

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Postulate

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Psychological Processes directed by ways we anticipate events

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Experience Corollory

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We judge our expectation (constinct) against reality and make adjustments

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Construct

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how we predict things by the interpretation of individuals events

Ch 11 George Kelly – Flashcards

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