CH 10 Families Kinship and Descent – Flashcards
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Consists of married couple and their children, normally living together in the same household, members take precedence over relations with other kin. Especially important in foraging and industrial societies. Widespread but not universal.
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Nuclear Family
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The family in which one is born and grows up. Nuclear family in which one is born and grows up.
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Family of orientation
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Nuclear family established when on marries and has children.
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Family of procreation
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Couple established new residence Married couples live hundreds of miles away from parents. Families of procreation, most prevalent residence pattern in US
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Neolocality
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Family household that includes three or more generations. More frequently among poor families who pool their resources together in dealing with poverty.
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Extended family household
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Unilinieal descent group based on demonstrated descent
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Lineage
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Descents group that class common descent from an apical ancestor but cannot demonstrate it. Members claim connection to an apical ancestor (totem pole), use stipulated descent, typically practice a preindustrial farming agriculture.
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Clan
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Group based on belief in shared ancestry Permanent anD endure units. To endure _____ needs to keep some members at home. Establish rules about who belongs to the group and where they should live with the wife's family. Last for generations. Manage and share a common estate.
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Descent Groups
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How people in society reckon their kin relationships. (how people identify and designate their relatives)
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Kinship calculation
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The position from which one views an egocentric genealogy. Social construction of kinship
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Ego
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Ego's direct ancestors and descendants. One's parents, grandparents, etc
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Lineal relative
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All other kin. Relative outside ego's direct line, (i.e. B, Z, FB, MZ)
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Collateral relatives
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Relatives by Marriage, person's in laws
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Affinals
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Four parental kin terms: M,F, FB=MB, and MZ=FZ. Most important group based in Kinship
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Lineal Kinship terminology
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Matrilineal or patrilineal decent
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Unilineal descent
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Flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal nor matrilineal. People can choose the descent group they join.
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Ambilineal
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Kine ties calculated equally through men and women
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Bilateral kinship calculation
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One based on correlation or co-ocurrence of social variables. Attempt to relate particular customs to other feature in society such as rules of descent and postmarital residence
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Functional explanation
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Splits the mother's side and the father's side, also merges same-sex siblings of each parent. Lineal and Collateral relatives ar merged. Typically found in societies in which the ambilineal descent group is the most important kin group.
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Bifurcate merging terminology
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Just two parental kin terms: M=MZ=FZ and F=FB=MB Found in societies with a variety of economic systems
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Generation kinship terminology
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Six separate parental kin terms: M, F, MB, MZ, FB, and FZ. Not as common as other types Commonly found in societies with neolocal postmarital residence rules
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Bifurcate collateral kinship terminology
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Industrial middle class, foraging bands
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The nuclear family is the most common kin group in what kinds of societies?
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TRUE
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A family of orientation may be a nuclear family
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TRUE
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In the US, nuclear families accounted for 23% of households in 2005
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TRUE
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A family of procreation may be a nuclear family.
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TRUE
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Most people belong to at least two nuclear families during their lives.
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People perceive and define kin relations differently in different cultures, although anthropologists have discovered a limited number of patterns in which people classify their kin.
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Like Race, kinship is culturally constructed, this means
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is based on how people perceive similarities and differences in the things being classified
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Taxonomic system
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Household is headed by male household head and wife, matrilineal system, married couples usually live separately, each at the their own tarawad, headed by a senior woman who is assisted by her brother
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Features of the Bosnian zadruga
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23%
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What percentage of American families is nuclear?
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parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and children.
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Typical middle-class Brazilians usually would define their families as including
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Matrilocal
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Under which form of postmarital residence rules systems do couples move to the wife's community?
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she is responsible for raising her nieces and nephews. her brother will not find out for himself. she doesn't want her brother wasting time on children who may not be his.
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Among the Makua of northern Mozambique, a sister takes an interest in her brother's wife's fidelity because
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FALSE
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Most people in North America belong to only one nuclear family during their lives.
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TRUE
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In a Bosnian zadruga, social interaction is more usual among men, women, and children than between spouses or between parents and children.
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TRUE
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Typical contemporary Americans are more involved in their social lives through work, friendship, sports, clubs, religion, or organized social activities than through kinship.
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TRUE
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Clans typically have more members and cover a larger area than lineages do.
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FALSE
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"Affinals" is a term in a lineal kinship terminology system that includes siblings, nieces, and nephews.
