Cell Division – Mitosis and Meiosis for Middle School – Flashcards
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What is the cell cycle?
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The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.
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What are daughter cells?
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The cells that result when a cell divides.
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What two-rod structures contain the cell's DNA?
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Chromosomes
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What is a chromatid?
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One of two identical "sister" parts of copied chromosomes.
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What is a centromere?
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The structure that holds the two chromatids together.
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What is Mitosis?
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Asexual reproduction (cell division) of a body cell where one copy of DNA is distributed into each of the two daughter cells. Daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. Purpose: To repair or replace body cells. Mitosis only occurs in eukaryotic cells. One continuous process. After Telophase, the division cycle starts again with Interphase.
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What are the stages of Mitosis?
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Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
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What happens during Interphase?
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The cell grows, does its normal processes (like producing ATP), copies its DNA, and prepares to begin mitosis.
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What happens during Prophase?
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DNA forms into chromosomes. Nuclear membrane (envelope) breaks down.
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What happens during Metaphase?
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Fibers attaches to a chromatid pair at its centromere to line them up across the MIDDLE of the cell. MIDDLE = METAPHASE
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What happens during Anaphase?
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The fibers SPLIT APART the sister chromatids and move them to opposite ends of the cell, equally dividing the genetic material. APART = ANAPHASE
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What happens during Telophase?
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A new nuclear membrane forms around each new set of chromosomes, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. Cytokinesis finishes the process by splitting the cell in 2. The division cycle begins again with Interphase
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What happens during cytokinesis?
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The cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.
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What is meiosis?
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Only for sexual reproduction. Stages of gamete cell reproduction.
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What are the stages of meiosis?
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Interphase I Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II
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What does DNA stand for?
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Mitosis or Meiosis? The process of nuclear division in cells during which the number of chromosomes per cell is reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes. Sexual reproduction.
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Meiosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells during which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes.
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Mitosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? DNA replication, forming sister chromatids occurs during interphase before nuclear division begins.
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Mitosis and Meiosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? One division cycle of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
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Mitosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? Two division cycles - dividing the chromosomes and then dividing them again.
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Meiosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? Creates two identical cells to the parent cell.
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Mitosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? Creates four cells containing 1/2 the amount of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
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Meiosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? Production of cells for growth and repair.
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Mitosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? Crossing over where DNA is exchanged.
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Meiosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? Production of gamete cells for sexual reproduction.
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Meiosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? Divides the nucleus 1 time, resulting in 2 daughter cells.
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Mitosis
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Mitosis or Meiosis? Divides the nucleus twice, resulting in 4 daughter cells.
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Meiosis
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How are mitosis and meiosis different?
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Mitosis is the process of dividing body cells for growth and repair. Daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. (diploid cells) Meiosis is the process of producing gametes (sperm and eggs). (haploid cells)
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If a person has two X chromosomes, that person would be female or male?
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female
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If a person has one X and one Y chromosome, that person would be female or male?
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male
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Gametes
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Eggs or sperm (reproductive cells)
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Gametes carry how many chromosomes?
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23
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Human offspring receive how many chromosomes from the mother and how many from the father?
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23 from the mother 23 from the father
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G_______________ are produced through meiosis.
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Gametes
