Biology Unit 1 Test – Flashcards

scientific study of life

how singlecell develops into an organism, how the human mind works, and how living thing interact

a cell that is simple, smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles

a cell that has a membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest which is the nucleus

What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

What is an example of a eukaryotic cell?

means that as more of a product acculumates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced

means that as more a product acculumates, the process that creates it slows and less of the product is produced

What is an example of negative feedback?

What is an example of positive feedback?

What are the 3 Domains? (alphabetical order)

What are the 4 classes of large biological molecules? (alphabetical order)

2 monomers bond together through a loss of a water molecule

What is the importance of enzymes in the dehydration process?

polymers are broken down into monomers by the gain of a water molecule

serve as a fuel and building material

the smallest form of carbohydrates

the largst form of carbohydrates

What is the general molecular formula?

what is the most common monosaccharide?

What is the classification of a monosaccharide?

what is it called when the carbonyl group is on the end of a monosaccharide?

what is it called when the carbonyl group is on the interior of a monosaccharide?

What are the three common monosaccharide?

blood sugar the immediate source of energy for cellular respiration

a sugar in dairy

a sugar found in honey

What do all 3 monosaccharides have in common?

When does a disaccharide form?

what are the 3 commondisaccharides?

glucose+glucose

what is the product of starch digestion

glucose+galactose

major sugar in milk

glucose+fructose

common table sugar

the polymers of sugars that have storage and structural roles

What is a the storage polysaccharide of plants and consists entirely of glucose monomers?

What is the storage polysaccharide that is in animals?

what is the major component of the tough wallof plant cells that is in a stuctural polysaccharide?

A structural polysaccharide that is found in the exoskeleton of arthopods

What is the unifying feature of a lipid

what are the most biologically important lipids

Why do fats separate from water?

What are 3 fatty acids that are joined to glycerol by an ester linkage

have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds and are solid at room temperature

have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature

What are usually fish fats

what are usually animal fats

the process of conveyng unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen

what is the compositon of a phospholipid

in a phospholipid, the two fatty acids are...

in a phospholipid, the phosphate group is...

when phospholipids are added to water they self assemble into a bilayer with the...

steroids are characterized by?

which steroid is a part of animal cell membranes?

include structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, a movement, and defense against foreign substances.

type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions

polymers built from a set of 20 amino acids

unique set of amino acids in a protein is what structure and is determined by the inherited genetic info

found in most proteins which consists of the coils and folds in the polypeptide chain which result in the hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone

determined by the interaction among various sidehcains

results when a protein consists of multiple ploypeptide chains and when two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule

the coil in a secondary structure

the fold in a secondary structure

a fibrous protein consisting of three polypeptides coiled like a rope

a globular protein consisting of four polypeptide chains two alpha and two beta chains

loss of a protein native structure.enviromental factors that cause proteins to unravel

the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance

are made up of DNA

what does DNA stand for?

what does RNA stand for?

a nucleoside+ a phosphate group

nitrogeneous base+ a sugar

is either deoxyribose or ribose which makes it DNA or RNA

what does adenine pair with in DNA

what does adenine pair with in RNA

what does cytosine pair with

are linked together to build a polynucleotide

adjacent nucleotides are joined by...

the backbone of the link of adjacent nucleotides and covalent bonds

the appendages of the link of adjacent nucleotides and covalent bonds

DNA molecule that has 2 polynucleotide spiraling around an imaginary axis

in the double helix the 2 backbones run in oppsite 5' to 3' directions from each other which is called?

what are the nonpolar amino acids R groups?

what are the polar amino acids R groups?

Protein function:selective acceleration of chemical reaction

protein function: support

protein function: storage of amino acids

protein function: transport of other substances

protein function: coordination of an organism's activities

protein function: response of cell to chemical stimuli