Biology semester 1 study guide vocabulary – Flashcards
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Trophic level
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Each organism in the food chain
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Primary consumer
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Organisms that eat herbivores
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Secondary consumer
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Organisms that eat primary consumers
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Producer
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Organism that is a source of food for other organisms in the food chain. (Grass, plants)
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Limiting factor
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Things that prevent a population from growing or things that decrease a population ( fires, limited water)
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Energy pyramid
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A pyramid with trophic levels.
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Carrying capacity
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Maximum population a environment can hold
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Carbon cycle
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Cycle when carbon made by photosynthesis and released into the air again by respiration
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Water cycle
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The cycle of water as it passes throught the atmosphere
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Nitrogen cylce
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Cycle where nitrogen in atmosphere is converted
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Acid rain
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Precipitation that contains acid
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Primary succession
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Primary has had no life, no established soul and takes a longer process
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Secondary succession
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Secondary has had life, has established soil, and takes a shorter process
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Cellular respiration
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Process that sells used to transfer energy from the organic molecules and food to ATP
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Transpiration
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Process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores
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Stomata
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Pores in leaf
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Xylem and phloem
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Xylem- transports water Phloem- transports food
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Cohesion and adhesion
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Cohesion-water with water Adhesion-when water bines with other materials or substances
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Capillary action
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an affect caused by a combination of cohesion and adhesion
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Aerobic respiration
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Has oxygen, and makes lots of ATP
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Anaerobic respiration
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Has no oxygen and makes less ATP.
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Photosynthesis
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Process in which sunlight energy is used to make glucose
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Atp
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Products of cellular respiration
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Cell theory
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Scientific theory which describes the properties of cells
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Prokaryote
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A single celled organism that does not have a nucleus
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Eukaryotes
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A multicellular organism that has a nucleus
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Cell organelles
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Specialized part of the cell having a specific function
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Active transport
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Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from a low to high concentration
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Passive transport
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Cellular process of moving molecules across the membrane without energy
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Hypotonic
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Solution of lower osmotic pressure than another solution
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Hypertonic
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A solution with a higher salt concentration than the normal body cells so the water is drawn out of the cell by osmosis
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Chromosome
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Located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells it is made of a protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid
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Mitosis
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A cell division that results into daughter cells each adding the same number of chromosomes as the parent
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Cancer
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Uncontrolled cell growth.
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Meiosis
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A cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
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Crossing over
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The exchange of genes
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Mutation
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Natural process that changes a DNA sequence
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Translation
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Process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins
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Codon
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Sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides
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mRNA and tRNA
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MRNA - A large family of RNA molecules TRNA- A member of a nucleic acid family
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Transcription
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The first step of Gene expression
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sister chromosome
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Mitosis cell division, phases chromosomes are visible
