Biology review Chapter 25 – Flashcards
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A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles is
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Eukaryotic
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Organisms that must obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms are
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Heterotrophic
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A student looks at a slice of tissue on an unlabeled microscope slide. The student concludes the tissue is not from an animal because the cells in the tissue have a
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cell wall
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In fishes, Phyaryngeal pouches may develop into
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gills
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Look at Figure 25-1 above, which letter represents the hollow nerve cord
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B
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Fewer than 5 percent of all animal species have
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vertebral columns
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Homeostasis is a
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stable, internal environment
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Animals have nervous systems that
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gather information
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When an animals environment changes, sexual reproduction improves a species ability to
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adapt to new living conditions
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Ammonia is a waste product that must be eliminated by the
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excretory system
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The presence of legs or other limbs indicates that the animal is
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segmented
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An animal that has body parts that extend outward from it center show
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radial symmetry
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A blastula is
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a hollow ball of cells
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Which of the following is a fertilized egg?
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A zygote
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Which of the following statements about the cladogram of animals is true?
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segmentation involved more than 1 branch
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Organisms that must obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms are
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heterotrophic
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A student looks at a slice of tissue on an unlabeled microscope slide. The student concludes the tissue is not from an animal because the cells in the tissue have a
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cell wall
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In chordates in which pharyngeal pouches develop slits that lead outside the body the adult most likely uses what type of organs to breathe
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gills
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Nerves branch in intervals from which of the following structures in a chordate embro
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Hollow nerve-cord
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The notocord is responsible for which function in an embryo?
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structural support
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Which chordate characteristic is visible on the outside of an adult cat?
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A tail
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All animals eat to obtain
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nutrients
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Muscles work together with a support structure called a
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skeleton
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Animals have an excretory system that eliminates all wastes except
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carbon monoxide
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To maintain homeostasis, land animals that hunt and feed in salt water
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get rid of salt
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Look at the illustration in Figure 25-1. Which of the following internal characteristics would you expect this animal to have?
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paired organs
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A coelom is a body cavity
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lined with mesoderms
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Which of the following variations would you expect to see in land vertebrates?
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fore limbs
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Which of the following is a node that you would expect to find on the cladogram for animals?
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Deuterostome development
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Which of the following statements about the cladogram of animals is true?
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Segmentation evolved more than once in different branches of the cladogram
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More than 95% of animals are invertebrates
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TRUE
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The circulatory system delivers metabolic wastes to the excretory system for processing and elimination
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TRUE
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Animal bodies are
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multicellular, which means that they are composed of many cells
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Invertebrates
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are not considered a clade because the organisms all lack a particular characteristic instead of sharing one
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The
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cladogram of animals is based on scientists current understanding of the evolutionary history of living species.
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What two fundamental characteristics distinguish animals from plants?
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Animals do not have cell walls, also heterotrophs
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What four characteristics are shared by both sponges and humans?
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1. Multicellular 2. Heterotrophic 3 Eukaryotic 4. Lack Cell walls
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A biologist discovers a new species of animal. It does not have a notochord, but it does have a backbone. Can she classify it as a chordate? Explain
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Yes, since it has a backbone, it is a vertebrate. All vertebrates are chordates
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Explain how feedback inhibition helps you maintain body temperature
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Temperature goes up, feed back inhibition causes body to sweat, cools you sin as evaporating, body gets cold, stop sweating, starting to shiver generates heat
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Describe the characteristic of bilateral symmetry in animals. How does this body plan help an animal carry out essential functions
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Bilateral, imaginary plane divides the body into 2 equal halves, segmentation, and appendages, cephalization-sense organs
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How is the arrangement of the three germ layers in an embryo related to the organ systems and tissues in an adult vertebrate?
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Outermost is the ectoderm which makes skin, nerves, and sense organs, Mesoderm, middle, makes muscle, circulatory, reproductive and excretory system, endoderm, innermost, which makes digestive and respiratory system
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Why should scientists consider both the adult body plan of an animal and its pattern of embryological development when classifying an animal? Use an example to support this
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Different phyla share the same pattern of development, but diff body plans, scientists only considered one, then unrelated animals would be grouped together, Echinoderms- Invertebrates, radial symmetry, no segmentation, no cephalization, chordates, vertebrates, bilateral symmetry have segmentation and cephalization, both deutrosomes
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Should the development of a more complex body system in vertebrates be considered an improvement over the simpler body systems of invertebrates? explain
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Systems allow animals to survive and reprodce and successfully win its environment, fish with simpler brains couldn't live on land, while mammals with more complex brains cant live in water
