Biology Chapter 23 – Flashcards

A double circulatory system is composed of a ______________ circuit and a(n) ______________ circuit. systemic; capillary pulmonary; systemic pulmonary; arterial systemic; venous

The three types of blood vessels are ________________. aorta, vena cava, and arteries capillaries, veins, and venules arteries, capillaries, and veins arteries, capillaries, and arterioles

___________ carry blood from the heart, while ____________ carry blood to the heart. veins; venules arteries; veins veins; arteries arteries; arterioles

The pulmonary arteries carry _______________ blood. oxygen-rich oxygen-neutral oxygen-poor carbon dioxide-poor

The aorta transports blood _________. to the bodily tissues from the lungs from the bodily tissues to the lungs

Which one of the following is a function of the circulatory system? producing and removing nitrogenous wastes transporting nutrients digesting food producing mucus bodily movement

Closed circulatory systems _____. lack blood have capillaries lack capillaries lack a heart lack veins

The blood vessels with the thinnest walls are the _____. capillaries arteries veins venules arterioles

_____ transport blood to capillaries, and _____ transport blood away from capillaries. Veins ... arteries Venules ... arteries Venules ... veins Arterioles ... venules Arteries ... arterioles

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls? diffusion endocytosis pinocytosis phagocytosis osmosis

Which of the following best describes an artery? Arteries contain valves. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries carry oxygenated blood. Arteries carry blood away from capillaries. Arteries have thin walls compared with veins.

What is unique about blood in pulmonary arteries compared with blood in other arteries? Blood in pulmonary arteries is always blue; it is red in all other arteries. It is loaded with carbon dioxide. It is the same as blood in other arteries. It is moving toward the heart. It is moving away from the heart.

Which chamber(s) of the heart hold(s) oxygen-rich blood? right atrium and right ventricle right atrium only left atrium and left ventricle both left and right atria left atrium only

Where does blood go directly after it leaves the inferior vena cava? into the capillaries of the upper body into the pulmonary artery into the lungs into the most powerful side of the heart into the right atrium

Which one of the following correctly traces a drop of blood through the circulatory system? right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right atrium left ventricle, lungs, left atrium, right ventricle, body, right atrium left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body, left atrium right ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, body, left atrium right ventricle, body, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium

Heart valves function to __________. control the amount of blood pumped by the heart slow blood down as it passes through the heart propel blood as it passes through the heart keep blood moving forward through the heart mix blood thoroughly as it passes through the heart

What is the physiological cause of a heart attack? a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart scar tissue in the heart muscle a blood clot moving through the heart rupture of coronary arteries severe angina

Your blood pressure is 120/70. The "120" indicates __________, and the "70" indicates __________. pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the left atrium pressure in the systemic circuit ... pressure in the pulmonary circuit pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the right ventricle arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure during heart relaxation arterial pressure ... venous pressure

High blood pressure is also known as _____. hypotonic hypertension anemia hypertonic hypotension

Your risk of developing hypertension is increased by __________. having parents with hypertension maintaining proper weight being born a female (and staying young) not smoking exercising

The major component of plasma is _____. erythrocytes water leukocytes albumin fibrinogen

What is atherosclerosis? buildup of lipids in the walls of heart blood vessels severe pain of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen the noncontracting scar tissue that replaces heart muscle when heart vessels are blocked a condition promoted by overexercise the result of balloon angioplasty

Which of these would help in a quest to develop cardiovascular disease? eat a diet low in cholesterol eat a diet low in saturated fat exercise smoke eat a lot of fruits and vegetables

_____ accounts for about 40% of all deaths in the United States. Stroke HIV infection Homicide Heart attack Cancer

What is the function of the AV node? The AV node initiates a nerve impulse across the atria. The AV node assures the unidirectional flow of blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. The AV node sets the pumping rhythm of the heart. The AV node relays the signal for contraction from the atria to the ventricles. The AV node assures the unidirectional flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles.

Recently, automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have been placed in public areas to __________. prevent heart attacks determine the number of people that will survive a heart attack provide a source of oxygen for people with cardiovascular disease unblock clogged arteries in the heart analyze, where appropriate, the heart's electrical rhythm and apply electrical shocks when needed

Which one of these has valves? veins arteries venules arterioles capillaries

Blood pressure is lowest in _____. the venae cavae capillaries the aorta arterioles arteries

The blood cells containing hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that transports oxygen, are called _____. platelets erythrocytes leukocytes bone marrow cells capillaries

A diet low in cholesterol, trans fat, and saturated fat will reduce __________. the risk of atherosclerosis obesity certain forms of diabetes the need for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your diet angina

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls? pinocytosis endocytosis osmosis diffusion

Animals such as hydras and jellies can exchange gases directly with the environment by ______. osmosis bulk transport diffusion active transport

In humans, oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body by ______. diffusion and facilitated diffusion a closed circulatory system an open circulatory system diffusion

Which one of the following is a characteristic of open circulatory systems but not closed circulatory systems? blood a heart a vascular system open-ended blood vessels

In animals with a closed circulatory system, gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of ______. arterioles capillaries arteries venules

Veins carry ______. blood away from the heart oxygen-rich blood blood toward the heart oxygen-poor blood

Which of the following best describes an artery? Arteries carry oxygenated blood. Arteries have thin walls compared with veins. Arteries contain valves. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Blood returns to the heart via the _____. aorta pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins aorta and pulmonary arteries aorta and pulmonary veins

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava

From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava

Which one of the following is a part of the pulmonary circuit? arteries in the arm capillaries surrounding the brain capillaries in the legs the pulmonary artery carrying blood to the lungs

Which one of the following sets of structures correctly lists the sequence of blood flow in the human body? atrium, ventricle, arteriole, artery, capillary, venule, vein atrium, ventricle, artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein ventricle, atrium, arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule ventricle, atrium, artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

During ventricular systole, blood flows __________. from the ventricles into the pulmonary veins into both atria from the left ventricle into the aorta and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries from the ventricles into the atria

Blood pressure is lowest in _____. arteries the venae cavae capillaries the aorta

The blood cells containing hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that transports oxygen, are called _____. leukocytes erythrocytes platelets bone marrow cells

A diet low in cholesterol, trans fat, and saturated fat might reduce __________. the need for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your diet obesity the risk of atherosclerosis certain forms of diabetes

Trace the path of a red blood cell in a circuit that takes it from the capillary bed of the right kidney to the capillary bed of the left kidney. Assume that you are doing this for an animal with a double circulation system. capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → right atrium → right ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney capillary bed of right kidney → arterioles → arteries aorta → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → veins → venules → capillary bed of left kidney capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary veins → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary arteries → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney

Which of these carry(ies) oxygen-poor blood? aorta pulmonary veins left ventricle pulmonary arteries

Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole? The relaxation of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls. The contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls. The contraction of the heart during diastole decreases the blood pressure against arterial walls. More blood flows into the heart during systole than during diastole.

If you looked closely at blood plasma, you might find ______. platelets red blood cells white blood cells hormones

As a consequence of red blood cells' lack of nuclei and other organelles, they ______. contain less hemoglobin than they might otherwise be able to carry have more room to carry hemoglobin can carry more calcium have a small surface area

Which of the following can cause anemia? mineral deficiencies sickle-cell disease vitamin deficiencies all of the above

White blood cells play a particularly important role in ______. carrying carbon dioxide supporting the activity of red blood cells blood clotting fighting infections

Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not moved back towards the heart by heart contractions. A scientist claimed that students might get better scores on written exams if they wiggle their legs frequently while taking an exam. This could work (but it is not better than studying) because wiggling legs might ______. add more oxygen to the blood that is returning to the heart shake out more of the carbon dioxide that lingers in the blood returning to the heart break up blood clots in the legs, which slow the movement of blood back to the heart propel more blood from the legs back to the heart, increasing oxygen flow to the brain

Gas exchange requires a surface that is both ______. protected within the body and connected to the circulatory system thin and moist ciliated and flagellated permeable to oxygen and impermeable to carbon dioxide

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____. as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) combined with hemoglobin by the trachea as hydrogen ions (H+) dissolved in blood plasma

By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____. acidic basic thick low in oxygen concentration red

In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____. as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) combined with hemoglobin by the trachea water (H2O) dissolved in blood plasma

Which one of the following is located closest to the alveoli? trachea bronchus pharynx bronchiole

The most common cause of anemia is __________. smoking iron deficiency illegal use of blood doping drugs lack of white blood cells

Which of these is the worst thing you can do to your lungs? Smoke. Be obese. Eat a high-fat diet. Drink alcohol.

The ______ provide(s) a common passageway for both food and air. trachea bronchioles alveoli pharynx

What path does a molecule of O2 take from the nose to the respiratory surface? pharynx → larynx → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus → trachea pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus larynx → pharynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus

In the human respiratory system, gas exchange occurs across the cells of the ______. bronchi diaphragm alveoli trachea

Oxygen is mostly transported through the body ______. dissolved in the blood bound to hemoglobin bound to dissolved iron dissolved in red blood cells