Biology Ch. 18 – Flashcards

Enzyme complexes that break down protein are called _____. Enzyme complexes that break down protein are called _____. lipases ubiquitins amylase proteasomes nucleases

The nuclear membrane's role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____. The nuclear membrane's role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____. protein activation translation protein degradation regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm RNA processing

What is the function of a spliceosome? What is the function of a spliceosome? protein activation translation protein degradation regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm RNA processing

Protein-phosphorylating enzymes' role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____. Protein-phosphorylating enzymes' role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____. protein activation translation protein degradation regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm RNA processing

In humans, the hormone testosterone enters cells and binds to specific proteins, which in turn bind to specific sites on the cells' DNA. These proteins probably act to do what? In humans, the hormone testosterone enters cells and binds to specific proteins, which in turn bind to specific sites on the cells' DNA. These proteins probably act to do what? help RNA polymerase transcribe certain genes unwind the DNA so that its genes can be transcribed cause mutations in the DNA alter the pattern of DNA splicing promote recombination

Which of the following terms describes the DNA-protein complexes that look like beads on a string? Which of the following terms describes the DNA-protein complexes that look like beads on a string? Nucleosome 30-nanometer fiber Histones Chromatin

Which of the following regulatory elements is not composed of DNA sequences? Which of the following regulatory elements is not composed of DNA sequences? Enhancers Promoter-proximal elements Activators Silencers

True or false? Regulatory and basal transcription factors regulate transcription by binding to the promoter. True or false? Regulatory and basal transcription factors regulate transcription by binding to the promoter. True False

Which of the following regulatory DNA sequences might be located thousands of nucleotides away from the transcription start site of a gene? Which of the following regulatory DNA sequences might be located thousands of nucleotides away from the transcription start site of a gene? Promoter Enhancer Promoter-proximal element TATA box

Which of the following events in transcription initiation likely occurs last? Which of the following events in transcription initiation likely occurs last? Regulatory transcription factors bind to enhancers. Basal transcription factors form a basal transcription complex. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the gene. TBP is recruited to the promoter.

True or false? One possible way to alter chromatin structure such that genes could be transcribed would be to make histone proteins more positively charged. True or false? One possible way to alter chromatin structure such that genes could be transcribed would be to make histone proteins more positively charged. True False

It is possible for a cell to make proteins that last for months; hemoglobin in red blood cells is a good example. However, many proteins are not this long-lasting; they may be degraded in days, hours, or even minutes. What is the advantage of short-lived proteins? It is possible for a cell to make proteins that last for months; hemoglobin in red blood cells is a good example. However, many proteins are not this long-lasting; they may be degraded in days, hours, or even minutes. What is the advantage of short-lived proteins? Short-lived proteins enable the cells to control their activities precisely and efficiently. Most proteins are used only once. Cells lack the raw materials to make most of the proteins they need. Most cells have a short life span. Long-lasting proteins are likely to make the cell cancerous.

_____ bind(s) to DNA enhancer regions. _____ bind(s) to DNA enhancer regions. RNA polymerase Promoters Introns Activators Exons

What is the event that IMMEDIATELY follows the last event of this animation? To view the animation, click here. Then click on the image to start the animation. What is the event that IMMEDIATELY follows the last event of this animation? To view the animation, click here. Then click on the image to start the animation. unbending of the DNA and the release of RNA polymerase from the promoter binding of the activators to enhancers transcription binding of mRNA to the smaller ribosomal subunit binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter