Biology 6 – Flashcards

Which statement about the feedback inhibition of enzymes is not true?

Water held behind a dam would best reflect ______.

An active site is

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is

True or False: Temperature, pH, and ionic concentrations each play an important role in the proper functioning of enzymes.

What can never be created or destroyed?

The process of breaking glycogen down to glucose is an example of: ____.

Altering the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme might

What would you predict about a reaction that has a ΔG < 0?

The ability to promote change or do work.

Two forms of energy

Associated with movement

Due to structure or location (stored energy)

The energy in molecular bonds is a form of potential energy.

Girl hits ball with a baseball bat

Women shoots bowen arrow

"Law of Conservation of Energy" Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one type to another.

Degree of disorder. As this increases, less energy is available for organisms to use to promote change.

True or False: Change in free energy determines direction of chemical reactions

Usable energy and unusable energy =

Amount of energy avaliable to do work

Occur without input of additional energy. Not necessarily fast, can be slow.

True or False: If Delta G is negative, then process is exergonic and spontaneous.

Delta G < 0 (negative free energy change)

Spontaneous =

Delta G > 0 (positive free energy change)

Not spontaneous =

Delta G =

Cellular Energy

Energy input

Energy release

The energy to synthesize ATP comes from chemical reactions that are..

An agent that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction without being consumed during reactin

Protein catalyst in living cells

RNA molecules with catalyst properties

location where reactions takes place

Reactants that bind to active site

Formed when enzyme and substrate bind

Any enzyme called a "kinase" is an enzyme that...

2 types of reversible inhibitors

Molecules bind to active site, inhibits ability of substrate to bind

Inhibitors binds to allosteric site, not active site.

Very common cellular mechanism. If the concentration of the final product becomes high, it will bind to enzyme 1 and cause a conformational change that inhibits the enzymes ability to convert the initial substrate into intermediate 1.

What is the Feedback pattern?

Small molecules permanently attached to the enzyme

Usually inorganic ion that temporarily binds to enzyme

Enzymes are affected by..

Most enzymes function maximally in a narrow-range of what..

Enzymes are..

breakdown cellular components, exergonic

Synthesis cellular components, endergonic, must be coupled to exergonic reaction.

breakdown of reactants, used for recycling building blocks, used for energy to drive endergonic reactions.

Enzyme directly transfers phosphate from one molecule to another molecule

Addition of electrons; addition of electrons reduces the net charge of a molecule

Removal of electrons. Oxygen is frequently involved.

Important in the metabolism of small molecules. Electron removed from one molecule is added to another.

Turns genes on or off

Cell-signaling pathways like hormones

Feedback inhibition is what regulation?

According to the second law of thermodynamics?

Reactions that release free energy are

Enzymes speed up reactions by

Which of the following factors may alter the function of an enzyme?

In Biological systems, ATP functions by

In a chemical reaction, NADH is converted to NAD+H. We would say that NADH has been?

Scientists are identifying proteins that use ATP as an energy source by

With regard to its effects on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, a competitive inhibitor

Autophagy provides a way for cells to