Biology 1407 Chapter 35 – Flashcards

Root hairs are important to a plant because they _____. protect the plant from freezing protect the plant from soil microbes help the root slide between soil particles increase the surface area for absorption develop into lateral roots

Which of the following is correctly matched with its tissue system? pith ... vascular tissue system xylem ... ground tissue system cortex ... ground tissue system phloem ... epidermis guard cells ... ground tissue

Other than the transport of materials, what is another function that vascular tissue performs in a leaf? -The tissue functions as a skeleton that reinforces the shape of the leaf. -The tissue contains the cells that perform photosynthesis. -The tissue regulates the opening and closing of pores in stomata complexes. -The tissue contains a labyrinth of air spaces that allows for gas exchange. -The tissue stores sugars produced by photosynthesis.

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil? storage roots root hairs root cap the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem

What is the primary function of stems? Water absorption and movement Reproduction Maximization of photosynthesis by leaves Facilitation of gas exchange

When you eat Brussels sprouts, you are eating _____. large axillary buds immature flowers storage leaves petioles

Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants near the forest floor of dense tropical rain forests. Which of the following precursors for photosynthesis is most likely limited in these large leaves? carbon dioxide oxygen glucose light

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that _____. -only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem -vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves -root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not -leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not -a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots

Which of the following was a challenge to the survival of the first land plants? a shortage of carbon dioxide desiccation animal predation too much sunlight

Trichomes _____. repel or trap insects open and close for gas exchange increase water loss from leaves absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature of leaves

Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system? companion cell - ground tissue tracheid - vascular tissue guard cell - vascular tissue root hair - vascular tissue

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the _____. periderm stele pith cortex

The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is _____. soil via the xylem the atmosphere through the cuticle and stomata soil via the phloem all of the listed responses

Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant? tracheids and vessel elements collenchyma cells parenchyma cells sclerenchyma cells

Which of the following is correctly paired with its structure and function? -guard cells - waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots -sclerenchyma - supporting cells with thick secondary walls -periderm - parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves -ground meristem - protective coat of woody stems and roots

Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity? parenchyma cells collenchyma cells sieve-tube elements tracheids and vessel elements

Which of the following is not a type of primary meristematic cell found in apical meristems? Protoderm Procambium Vascular cambium Ground meristem

Which structure determines the direction of root growth by sensing gravity? Pith Mucigel Root cap Root hairs

True or false? Plant growth involves both the production of new cells by mitosis and the expansion of cell volume. True False

Which of the following statements about the vascular cambium is true? -It develops into cork cells on the outside of the cortex. -It is located between the primary xylem and cortex. -It is a type of apical meristem. -It is a layer of undifferentiated cells that develops into secondary xylem and phloem.

Why do plants need secondary growth? To grow taller To provide structural support for the plant To produce new leaves To produce a more extensive root system

Which of the following parts of a plant remains on the plant even after several years of growth? Epidermis Primary phloem Primary xylem Cortex

True or false? Primary growth can occur at both the apical and lateral meristems at the tips of the roots and stems in a plant. True False

How do cells in a meristem differ from cells in other types of plant tissue? They store food. They are growing. They continue to divide. They are differentiating. They photosynthesize at a faster rate

The primary growth of a plant adds _____ and secondary growth adds _____. girth ... height branching ... flowers height ... branching height ... girth branching ... girth

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances? sclerenchyma cells sieve-tube elements parenchyma cells tracheids and vessel elements

Plant meristematic cells _____. -are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant -increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs -subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, ground meristem, and procambium -are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity? -secondary xylem -leaves -dermal tissue -secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as _____. perennial indeterminate weedy primary

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to _____. -cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem -cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem -cell elongation localized in each internode -cell division at the shoot apical meristem

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity? leaves tubers trichomes secondary xylem

Which of the following can be used to determine a twigs age? Length of internodes Number of apical bud scar rings Number and arrangement of axillary buds Number of leaf scars

A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers and then dies would be considered _____. biennial not very fit perennial annual

Primary growth has occurred in the region(s) indicated by the letter(s) _____. A B and C B A and B A and D

Secondary growth has occurred in the region(s) indicated by the letter(s) _____. B A and C A and D A B and D

Secondary growth NEVER occurs in _____. roots roots and leaves stems and leaves stems leaves

_____ provides cells for secondary growth. Secondary phloem The root Secondary xylem Vascular cambium Apical meristem

The letter A indicates _____. vascular cambium cork cambium secondary xylem apical meristem lateral meristem

Vascular cambium forms wood toward the stem's _____ and secondary phloem toward the stem's _____. center ... center surface ... center center ... surface top ... bottom surface ... surface

What is the function of cork? providing cells for primary growth providing cells for secondary growth providing a site for photosynthesis insulation and waterproofing regulating the opening and closing of stomata

How is the supply of vascular cambium maintained? -by the differentiation of cork -by the differentiation of apical meristem -by the differentiation of secondary phloem -by the differentiation of secondary xylem -by the division of its cells

Xylem is indicated by the letter _____. B E D A C

The letter A indicates the _____. endodermis epidermis vascular cylinder cortex xylem

The letter A indicates the _____. phloem pith vascular bundle cortex xylem

Pith is indicated by the letter _____. C B E D A

Ground tissue is indicated by the letter _____. B D A C E

In leaves, chloroplasts are found in _____. phloem palisade mesophyll cuticle xylem guard cells

The region surrounded by guard cells is indicated by the letter _____. B E C D A

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots? epidermis phloem pericycle endodermis

Cell division in the vascular cambium adds to the girth of a tree by adding new _____ to the layer's interior and _____ to the layer's exterior. xylem ... cortex pith ... xylem and phloem xylem ... phloem xylem and phloem ... bark phloem ... xylem

As the epidermis is pushed outward and sloughed off, it is replaced by tissues produced by the _____. suberin vascular cambium cork cambium pith lenticels

Heartwood and sapwood consist of _____. periderm cork secondary phloem secondary xylem

Two examples of lateral meristems in plants are _____. -vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing cork -vascular cambium, producing cork; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem -vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem -vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem; cork cambium, producing secondary xylem

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells? vascular cambium endodermis xylem apical meristem

Which tissue(s) make(s) up the bark of the woody stem shown here? Only layers of periderm Only woody epidermis Both secondary phloem and periderm