Biology 111- Chapter 13 Test Bank – Flashcards

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Which of the following defines a genome?

Asexual reproduction occurs during _____.

Quaking aspen can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II. Meiosis III. Fertilization IV. Gametes V. Spores

In a plant's sexual life cycle _____.

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Therefore, we can conclude that it must _____.

A triploid cell contains sets of three homologous chromosomes. If a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following?

Which of the following might result in a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?

15-18

Homologous chromosomes _____.

If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

The human X and Y chromosomes _____.

Which of these is a karyotype?

If a cell has completed meiosis I and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. How do privet chromosomes differ from the chromosomes of humans ,who also have 46?

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is _____.

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis I? They have _____.

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

Sister chromatids separate from each other during _____.

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

When we first see chiasmata under a microscope, we know that _____.

31-40

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

Which of the following can occur by the process of meiosis but not mitosis?

In meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated during _____.

What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

Crossing over normally takes place during which of the following processes?

For the duration of meiosis I, each chromosome _____.

Homologous pairs of chromosomes align opposite of each other at the equator of a cell during _____.

Centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles in meiosis _____.

Quaking aspen can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during _____.

For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes?

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of _____.

When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs?

How is natural selection related to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

The diploid number of a roundworm species is 4. Assuming there is no crossover, and random segregation of homologues during meiosis, how many different possible combinations of chromosomes might there be in the offspring (not including variety generated by crossing over)?

The bulldog ant has a diploid number of two chromosomes. Therefore, following meiosis, each daughter cell will have a single chromosome. Diversity in this species may be generated by mutations and _____.

The fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment involves _____.

Imagine that there are twenty-five different species of protists living in a tide pool. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually becomes infested with disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment?

In eukaryotes, genetic information is passed to the next generation by processes that include mitosis or meiosis. Which of the explanations identifies the correct process and supports the claim that heritable information is passed from one generation to another?

Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is the raw material for evolution. Biological systems have multiple processes, such as reproduction, that affect genetic variation. They are evolutionarily conserved and shared by various organisms. Which statement best represents the connection between reproduction and evolution?

Asexual reproduction

In alternation of generations, what is the diploid stage of a plant that follows fertilization called