Biology 100 Dr. Marsh Allan Hancock College (Summer 2017) Test 1
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The Six Kingdoms of Life
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1. Archaea 2. Bacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Anamalia
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3 Domains of Life
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1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukaryote
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5 Properties of Life
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1. Cellular Organization 2. Metabolism 3. Homeostasis 4. Growth & Reproduction 5. Heredity
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Organization of Life: Cellular Level
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Atoms> Molecules> Macromolecules> Organelles> Cells
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Organization of Life: Organismal Level
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Tissues> Organs> Organ Systems> Organism
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Organization of Life: Population Level
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Population> Species> Community> Ecosystem
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Six steps in the Scientific Process
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1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Predictions 4. Testing 5. Controls 6. Conclusion
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Hypothesis
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An educated guess that may answer the question formed as a result of observation
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Predictions
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Are made about what would happen if the hypothesis is correct
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Experiments
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Are designed to test a given hypothesis
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Independent Variable
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An experiment typically has one variable that gets altered in order to test the effects
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Dependent Variable
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The data obtained as a result of the experiment
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Control
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To ensure the data collected is an effect of the independent variable and not another factor; unaltered test used as a comparison
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Conclusions
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Are made after the data collected during the experiments is analyzed
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Theory
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When a group of hypotheses that are related to one another undergo repeated experimentation without being rejected
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Metric Units of Measurement
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Length> Meter (m) Mass> Gram (g) Volume> Liter (L) Time> Seconds (s)
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Meniscus
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When a graduated cylinder is filled with a liquid, the boundary between fluid and air is curved; as you measure, the accurate volume reading is taken from the lowest point
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4 theories that unify biology as a science
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1. The Gene Theory 2. The Theory of Heredity 3. The Theory of Evolution 4. The Cell Theory
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Sudan IV Dye
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Testing for lipids
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Litmus Cream
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Digestion of Triglycerides by Pancreatin
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Biuret Reagent
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Testing for protein
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Iodine (Lugol's Reagent)
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Testing for starch
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Benedict's Reagent
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Testing for sugar
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Describe the differences between essential and non-essential amino acids
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- Essential: These amino acids cannot be produced; they are needed for growth and development of the body; they are obtained from our diet - Non-Essential: These amino acids are produced by the body
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What are the health benefits of fiber?
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- Normalizes bowel movements - Helps maintain bowel health - Lowers cholesterol - Controls blood sugar levels - Aids in achieving a healthy weight
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What harmful consequences do trans fats have on our blood vessels and cholesterol levels?
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Adding the hydrogen increases our cholesterol, and it makes the oil difficult to digest
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What is hydrogenation, and why is it beneficial?
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It is the adding of hydrogen to vegetable oil to make trans fat; it helps the oil less likely to spoil quickly
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What is Taxonomy?
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The science of naming things
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What are the 3 domains?
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-Bacteria -Archaea -Eukaryote
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What are the 4 kingdoms of Eukaryotes?
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-Plants -Animals -Fungi -Protista
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What is homeostasis? Give an example.
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Organisms keep their interior conditions relatively constant (ex. body temperature)
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What are the smallest level or organization that can be considered alive?
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Cells
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All of the following are characteristics of life EXCEPT: a. Evolution b. Reproduction c. Homeostasis d. Movement
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a. Evolution
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The closest evolutionary relationship exists between individuals of the same_____?
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Genus
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Which of the following correctly lists taxonomic levels from largest to smallest? a. Kingdom>Order>Phylum>Genus b. Domain>Order>Class>Family c. Domain>Kingdom>Phylum>Genus d. Kingdom>Class>Phylum>Species
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c. Domain>Kingdom>Phylum>Genus
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What is the role of a hypothesis in the scientific method?
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The scientific method starts by proposing a hypothesis, which is an assertion on how something works.
