Bio Test 3 – Flashcards
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Arrange the following parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological order.
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Transcription enzymes find gene.
Transcription is initiated.
Transcription elongation occurs.
mRNA is produced.
Introns are removed.
Translation occurs.
Functional protein appears.
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DNA to protein sequence
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RNA polymerase uses DNA template strand to create a complementary strand of mRNA.
mRNA leaves the nucleus.
tRNA molecules transport amino acids to ribosome.
Polypeptides are formed.
Polypeptides are folded into proteins.
Improperly folded proteins lose function and are destroyed.
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A DNA sequence that signals a gene's start is a(n)
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promoter.
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In eukaryotic cells, sequences of mRNA that are removed from an mRNA molecule before being translated are
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introns.
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The process used by cells to convert the mRNA "message" into a sequence of amino acids is
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translation.
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A tRNA molecule is bilingual because it binds to
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codons of mRNA and to amino acids.
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The step of translation in which amino acids are added one at a time to the growing polypeptide is
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elongation.
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A change in a cell's DNA sequence is
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mutation.
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If the DNA in a cell consists of 20% A, it will be ___ G.
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30%
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If you compared the DNA sequence of a gene with the sequence of the mature mRNA that was transcribed from the gene you would find
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the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain introns.
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The three-base code (codons) can create ______ different possible combinations, while there are 20 amino acids. This means the genetic code is _________________.
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64, redundant
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_________ are portions of mRNA that get spliced together to form mature mRNA prior to translation.
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Exons.
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the reading of an mRNA to produce an amino acid sequence
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Translation
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RNA ______ is the enzymes that builds the RNA chain during transcription.
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polymerase
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Where in the cell cycle is DNA polymerase most active?
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S phase
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The molecule that contains the information for making a cell's proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells is
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DNA.
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The enzyme that unwinds and separates the paired DNA strands is
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helicase.
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Apoptosis is a name for the process of
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programmed cell death.
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In an asexual life cycle, cells reproduce by
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mitosis.
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How does the space between our fingers arise?
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The cells die by apoptosis.
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When DNA replicates
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one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules.
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Once a cell divides and re-starts the cell cycle, the first step is ________________, which includes S phase, and the final stage is ___________, during which the cell divides.
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mitosis, interphase
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A cell with two full sets of chromosomes would be termed a _______________ cell.
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diploid
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A cell with one set of chromosomes would be termed a ________________ cell.
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haploid
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Meiosis is a process that produces:
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haploid cells, sperm cells, egg cells, gametes
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If human gametes were diploid
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the products of fertilization would have more chromosomes than their parents.
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Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell's DNA __________ and then dividing ____________
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once; once.
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Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ____________ and then divides ______________
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once; twice.
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The human chromosomes that do not determine whether an individual is male or female are
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autosomes.
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The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material
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is crossing over.
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Alternate forms of the same gene
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alleles.
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In contrast to human X and Y chromosomes, autosomes
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are homologous chromosomes found in both sexes.
