question

Alternative forms of a gene that influence the same trait and are found at the same location in homologous chromosomes are called?

answer

alleles

question

Which of the following represents the physical characteristics of the individual?

answer

phenotype

question

The _____ indicates the gene combination of an individual?

answer

genotype

question

If an organism shows a recessive phenotype, such as short pea plants, its genotype can be?

answer

only tt

question

In humans, brown eyes (BB) is a simple dominant trait over blue eyes (b). A brown eyed woman whose child is blue-eyed would have the genotype?

answer

Bb

question

In humans, widow's peak (W) is dominant over straight hariline (w). If a heterozygous male marries a female with a straight hairline, what percent of their children can be expected to have widow's peak?

answer

50%

question

What will the genotypic ratio be of a mono-hybrid cross of two individuals who are heterozygous for a trait?

answer

25%

question

In which kind of cross would you expect to find a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 among the offspring?

answer

monohybrid cross

question

In humans, assume red hair is recessive to dark hair. What are the chances of a dark-haired couple having a red-haired child if each had a red-haired parent?

answer

25%

question

If the genotype of an organism is YySsTt, then yST would represent

answer

a gamete of the parent

question

A blue-eyed, left-handed woman marries a brown-eyed, right-handed man who is heterozygous for both of his traits. If blue eyes and left-handendess are recessive, how many different phenotypes are possible for their children?

answer

four

question

What are the chances that two individuals with wavy hair (an incomplete dominant trait) will have a curly-haired child? Curly hair and straight hair exhibit incomplete dominance.

answer

25%

question

Consider skin color to be regulated by three genes A,B, and C. All recessive alleles would be 0 or white in the color scale. All dominate alleles would be 6 or black on the color scale. What color is a person with AAbbCc genotype?

answer

3 or medium brown

question

Cold weather can change the _____ of a Himalayan rabbit?

answer

phenotype

question

You have two true-breeding rose bushes, one with red flowers and one with white flowers, a cross between these two roses yields a bush with pink flowers. What condition does this demonstrate?

answer

incomplete dominance

question

Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms. When a plant is grown in aluminum rick soil it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is lacking aluminum the flowers produced will be pink. This is an example of?

answer

environmental effects

question

To try and discover if the environment has an effect on a particular characteristic scientists often examine?

answer

monozygotic human twins that were separated at birth

question

Homologous chromosomes contain identical?

answer

genes

question

According to the law of independent assortment?

answer

all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes

question

A distribution of the graph of a trait is bell-shaped. What pattern of inheritance does this suggest?

answer

polygenic with environmental influences

question

Color blindness is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. A male who is color-blind marries a heterozygous woman. What percent of their total children will be color-blind?

answer

50%

question

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, this is termed?

answer

nondistjutction

question

Which refers to the loss of a complete chromosome?

answer

monosomy

question

A person who as an extra copy of a chromosome is said to have

answer

trisomy

question

A female with two Barr bodies in her cells would have what combination of sex chromosomes?

answer

XXX

question

Which statement is true regarding the Barr body?

answer

it is found in the nuclei of females

question

The most common autosomal abnormality present in people is?

answer

an extra chromosome

question

Karyotyping can be used to diagnose which of the following genetic disorders?

answer

down syndrome

question

If a person inherits two X chromosomes, this individual will be?

answer

female

question

An individual who as an XXY combination of sex chromosomes is said to have _____ syndrome?

answer

Klinefelter

question

A person with an XO genotype is classified as having?

answer

turner syndrome

question

If a chromosomal segment is turned around 180, the chromosomal mutation is termed a?

answer

inversion

question

Which refers to the movement of a piece of one chromosome to another non-homologous chromosome?

answer

translocation

question

Which refers to the loss of a portion of a chromosome?

answer

deletion

question

Which refers to the addition of a repeat segment of a chromosome?

answer

duplication

question

If a woman is a carrier for the color blind recessive allele and her husband is normal, what are their chances that a son will be color blind?

answer

50% since the mother is only a carrier

question

A mother is a carrier for blue eyes (autosomal recessive) and for hemophilia(X-linked recessive). Which of these is a correct statement?

answer

The father's genotype can determine whether a son will have blue eyes but cannot determine whether a son will be a hemophiliac

question

The hereditary material found in all cells is?

answer

DNA

question

The x-ray diffraction photography of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins was critical evidence ?

answer

indicating the DNA has a double helix structure.

question

Which of the following have nitrogenous bases correctly paired in DNA?

answer

adenine-thymine; guanine-cytosine

question

A nucleotide contains?

answer

a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base

question

In the Watson-Crick model of DNA, the "sides" of the ladder are composed of?

answer

sugar-phosphate molecules.

question

The enzyme that is used to join complementary DNA nucleotides together is?

answer

DNA polymerase

question

In semi-conservative DNA replication, each new double helix formed will have?

answer

one new and one old strand in each helix

question

The ____ enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double-helix structure of DNA during replication?

answer

helicase

question

A gene is physcically located on the ____ of the cell.

answer

DNA

question

Which of the following nucletoide bases is found only in RNA, not in DNA?

answer

uracil

question

The function of transfer RNA is to?

answer

carry amino acids to ribosomes

question

Which of the following is NOT part of gene expression?

answer

replication

question

Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the genetic information as it is needed for the construction of a protein?

answer

messenger RNA

question

Prior to protein synthesis, the DNA?

answer

serves as a template for the production of mRNA

question

In modern biochemical genetics, the flow of inherited information is from?

answer

DNA, RNA, protein.

question

Transcription of a part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of AAACAACTT results in a mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence of?

answer

UUUGUUGAA

question

If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCA, the complementary strand has which of the following sequences?

answer

TTCGTT

question

During the process of transcription, the information in?

answer

DNA is converted into RNA information

question

An intervening sequence of DNA that is not expressed is called a?

answer

intron

question

The ____ contains the information for the structure of the protein?

answer

exons

question

Which is the process by which a protein is constructed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

answer

translation

question

For translation to take place, which of the following would NOT be required to be present?

answer

DNA

question

The genetic code consists of ____ bases that stand for one amino acid?

answer

3

question

Messenger RNA is produced in the?

answer

nucleus

question

Which is most directly responsible for the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

answer

the sequence of codons in mRNA

question

Gene mutations are?

answer

alterations in the normal sequence of bases within a gene

question

If the normal nucleotide sequence was TACGGCATG, what type of gene mutation is present if the resulting sequence becomes TAGGCATG?

answer

deletion mutation

question

Specific DNA sequences that have the ability to move within and out of chromosomes are called?

answer

transposons

question

______ regulation occurs within a cell when the newly formed protein is modified?

answer

posttranslation

question

Eukayaotic transcription factors assist the ___ in binding to the ______.

answer

RNA polymerase: promoter

question

_______ bind to enhancers in eukaryotic cells to increase the rate of transcription?

answer

Transcription activators

question

Which of the following is not true about cancer cells?

answer

They can exhibit contact inhibition

question

DNA segments called _____ are at the ends of chromosomes and eventually signal the cell to enter apoptosis?

answer

telomeres

question

The purpose of PCR is to create

answer

billions of copies of a segment of DNA

question

PCR is often used in forensic analysis since?

answer

very small samples are frequently all that are available

question

In STR, short tandem repeat, profiling, both _____ and _________ are used to identify an individual

answer

length or the repeated sequence: number of fragments

question

One of the problems that limits the use of gene therapy is

answer

detrimental side effects from the inserted genes

question

The human genome project discovered many small regions of DNA that vary among individuals called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS). Certain SNP patterns change an individuals susceptibility to disease and after response to medical treatments. This knowledge has led to the idea ?

answer

of designer drugs that are made to match one specific individuals DNA profile

question

The treatment of a disorder by inserting genetic material into an organism is called?

answer

gene therapy 7

question

Which of the following is NOT used in the production of recombinant DNA (rDNA)?

answer

RNA

question

_____ uses an electrical field to separate DNA fragments based upon their length

answer

Gel electrophoresis

question

Ex vivo gene therapy

answer

requires the removol of cells from the individual undergoing the treatment and then the reintroduction of these cells once they have been genetically modified

question

What structure is used to seal the DNA into an opening created by the restriction enzyme during recombination DNA technology?

answer

DNA ligase

question

What is the substance required to cleave the vector DNA during recombinant DNA technology?

answer

restriction enzymes

question

Which of the following is a site of ex vivo gene therapy?

answer

bone marrow

question

Which evidence for evolution uses impressions of plants and animals pressed into sedimentary rock?

answer

fossil record

question

Which fossil evidence is considered an intermediate between reptiles and birds?

answer

archaeopteryx

question

Mass extinctions....?

answer

have occurred about 4 or 5 times in fossil record, due in some cases to catastrophic changes

question

Africa, Asia, South America, and Antarctica share some patterns of primitive (fossil) plants and early reptiles, but do not have similar mammal populations. This therefore?

answer

suggests that the earlier plants and reptiles evolved while continents were joined but mammals radiated into diverse groups after separation

question

Homologous structures such as the bones in wings, flippers, and arms are most closely concerned with

answer

comparative anatomy

question

Anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but reduced and functionless in a similar group are

answer

vestigial

question

The _____ is the total number of alleles of all gene loci in all the members of a population

answer

gene pool

question

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

answer

microevolution

question

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it

answer

allows the species to survive if the environment changes

question

The raw material for evolutionary change is

answer

mutation

question

The Amish of Lancaster, PA have a higher frequency of an unusual form of dwarfism than the population at large. This is probably due to?

answer

a founder effect

question

When only a few individuals survive unfavorable times, thereby losing the majority of genotypes in the next generation, it is called

answer

a bottleneck effect

question

Which of the following is true about natural selection?

answer

on average, it favors the survival of young with adaptive characteristics

question

Movement of alleles between populations such as by the migration of breeding individuals is called?

answer

gene flow

question

Which type of natural selection increases the frequency of an extreme phenotype

answer

directional

question

Which type of natural selection occurs when an intermediate phenotype is favored?

answer

stabilizing selection

question

Which of the following agents of evolutionary change resutls in adaption

answer

natural selection

question

Four characteristics of Rett's syndrome

answer

Seizures Tremors Hypoactivity Spasticty

question

Restriction enzymes found in bacterial cells are ordinarly used

answer

to degrade viral DNA that enters the cell

question

Which of the folloiwng enyzmes are needed to introduce foreign DNA into a vector?

answer

restriction enyzme and DNA ligase

question

A genetic profile can

answer

be accomplished utilitzing bioinformatics

question

The polymerase chain reaction?

answer

uses a tempature-insensitive enzyme

question

During the PCR reaction, the DNA sample is heated in order to?

answer

seperate it into single strands

question

Gene therapy

answer

Is sometimes used in medicine today and makes uses of viruses to carry foreign genes into human cells

question

Because of the human genome project, we now know..?

answer

the sequence of the base pairs of our DNA

question

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

answer

Animals can be cloned, but plants and bacteria cannot.

question

What is ex vivo gene therapy

answer

when cells containing a dysfunctional gene are removed from the patient, treated, and then returned to the patient.

question

Inheritance of a acquired characteristics is associated with

answer

Lamarck

question

Within a population, plants that produce an insect toxin are more likely to survive and reproduce than plants that do not produce toxin

answer

natural selection

question

The gene pool of a population of bighorn sheep in the southwest United States is altered when several animals cross over a mountain pass and join the population

answer

gene flow

question

Peas are good for genetic studies because they

answer

are more genetically variable than most plants

question

Which of the following genotypes indicated a heterozygous individual?

answer

Aa

question

List the gametes produced by AaBb

answer

AB,Ab,aB,ab

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