Bio Chapter 9 – Flashcards

Which one of the following is false?

Varieties of plants in which self-fertilization produces offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as

A monohybrid cross is

Research since Mendel's time has established that the law of the segregation of genes during gamete formation

Which one of the following is false?

Alleles of a gene are found at __________ chromosomes.

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that

The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross showing independent assortment is expected to be

Imagine that we mate two black Labrador dogs with normal vision and find that 3 of the puppies are like the parents, but one puppy is chocolate with normal vision, and another is black with PRA (progressive retinal atrophy, a serious disease of vision). We can conclude that

What is a testcross

Assuming that the probability of having a female child is 50% and the probability of having a male child is also 50%, what is the probability that a couple's first-born child is female and second-born child is male?

A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be __________ to transmit it to offspring.

Dr. Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Dr. Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. The normal allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing, is D. Dr. Smith's parents could have which of the following genotypes?

Many genetic disorders of humans are caused by

The vast majority of people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were

Which of the following best explains why dominant alleles that cause lethal disorders are less common than recessive alleles that cause lethal disorders

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for __________ and __________ of the fetus so that it can be tested for abnormalities.

Which one of the following is false?

Which one of the following is false?

For most sexually reproducing organisms, Mendel's laws

Which one of the following is an example of incomplete dominance in humans?

Imagine that beak color in a finch species is controlled by a single gene. You mate a finch homozygous for orange (pigmented) beak with a finch homozygous for ivory (unpigmented) beak and get numerous offspring, all of which have a pale, ivory-orange beak. This pattern of color expression is most likely to be an example of

The expression of both alleles for a trait in a heterozygous individual illustrates

A person with AB blood illustrates the principle of

Which one of the following is false?

Sickle-cell disease represents

Which of the following terms refers to the situation where a single phenotypic characteristic is determined by the additive effects of two or more genes?

Which of the following is essentially the converse of pleiotropy?

Individual features of all organisms are the result of

Genes located close together on the same chromosomes are referred to as __________ genes and generally __________.

Linked genes generally

Which of the following kinds of data could be used to map the relative position of three genes on a chromosome?

What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male?

How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete?

Any gene located on a sex chromosome

Why are sex-linked conditions more common in men than in women?

The creation of offspring carrying genetic information from just a single parent is called

Which one of the following is a difference between sexual and asexual reproduction

Strictly speaking, the phrase "like begets like" refers to

With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to

Which one of the following is false? Cell division A) can reproduce an entire organism. B) is necessary for development to occur. C) ensures the continuity of life from generation to generation. D) is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction. E) is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes.

Which one of the following is false? A) Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes. B) Most prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission. C) Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. D) In prokaryotes, most genes are carried on a circular DNA molecule. E) Daughter prokaryotic chromosomes are separated by some sort of active movement away from each other and the growth of new plasma membrane between them.

Sister chromatids are

Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase

If the S phase was eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would

Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of the typical rounded cell shape, the cell has a very narrow middle separating two bulging ends. It sort of looks like the number 8! Then you realize, this is a cell

The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the nucleoli disappear is called

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane located equidistant from the two spindle poles?

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear?

Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division

Which of the following is likely to account for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?

Which of the following must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally?

When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of

As a patch of scraped skin heals, the cells fill in the injured area but do not grow beyond that. This is an example of

Mature human nerve cells and muscle cells

Which of the following is most like the cell cycle control system?

You are asked to culture an unidentified sample of animal tissue. You notice that the cells seem not to exhibit density-dependent inhibition. Which of the following choices would be the most likely source for this tissue sample?

benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor

You are the director of research for a drug company. A list of candidate drugs is brought to you. Which of the following shows the greatest promise as a cancer chemotherapy agent? A drug that

Which one of the following is not a function of mitosis? Mitosis helps organisms A) grow. B) regenerate lost parts. C) reproduce asexually. D) repair tissues. E) All of the choices are correct.

Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry loci for the same traits in the same positions on the chromosome but specify different versions of some traits constitute a pair of

Which of the following is most like a pair of male human sex chromosomes

Which one of the following statements is false? A) A typical body cell is called a somatic cell. B) Gametes are haploid cells. C) Somatic cells are diploid. D) Gametes are made by mitosis. E) A zygote is a fertilized egg

During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and the formation of tetrads occur?

Which one of the following choices best describes the behavior of a tetrad during anaphase I of meiosis?

Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis? A) In meiosis four daughter cells are produced, whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced. B) Cells produced by mitosis are diploid; cells produced by meiosis are haploid. C) In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice. D) Mitosis but not meiosis occurs in somatic cells. E) All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following does not enhance genetic diversity

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number of

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I and random fertilization are most like:

Karyotyping

A karyotype is most like which of the following?

Which one of the following is false? A) Trisomy 21 usually leads to Down syndrome. B) A human embryo with an abnormal number of chromosomes is usually spontaneously aborted. C) Down syndrome is the most common serious birth defect in the United States. D) People with Down syndrome usually have a life span much shorter than normal. E) Women with Down syndrome cannot reproduce.

Nondisjunction occurs when

Which one of the following is false? A) Nondisjunction in meiosis can affect autosomes and sex chromosomes. B) In mammals, extra copies of the Y chromosome are typically inactivated. C) The absence of a Y chromosome results in "femaleness." D) In general, a single Y chromosome is enough to produce "maleness." E) Women with a single X chromosome have Turner syndrome and are sterile.

If a chromosome fragment breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called a(n)

Examine the following sentence. "Where is the cat?" Which one of the following variations of this sentence is most like a chromosomal deletion

Cancer is not usually inherited because

Which one of the following statements is false? A) Mitosis provides for growth and tissue repair. B) Meiosis provides for asexual reproduction. C) In mitosis, the chromosomes replicate only once in the preceding interphase. D) In meiosis, the chromosomes replicate only once in the preceding interphase. E) All the events unique to meiosis occur during meiosis I.