bio chapter 13 – Flashcards
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macrophages
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By which of these are tiny dust particles removed from alveolar surfaces?
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nasal cavity
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What part of the respiratory passageway primarily functions to warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air?
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in the lungs
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Where are the alveoli found?
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surfactant
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What lowers the surface tension of fluid lining the alveoli, preventing collapse of the lung?
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amount of O2 and CO2 in the blood
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Which of the following is NOT a physical factor that influences the respiratory rate?
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pulmonary ventilation
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What term describes the movement of air into and out of the lungs?
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residual volume
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Which term describes the volume of air that CANNOT be exhaled?
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simple diffusion
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By what process does oxygen move from the alveoli into the blood of the pulmonary capillaries?
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as bicarbonate ion
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How is most carbon dioxide transported from body cells to the lungs?
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increased concentration of carbon dioxide in blood
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What is the main stimulus for increasing pulmonary ventilation during aerobic exercise?
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medulla oblongata
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What part of the brain stimulates the phrenic and intercostal nerves causing the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract?
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lower the atmospheric air pressure
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What is the pressure in the lungs during inspiration?
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chronic bronchitis
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Which disorder involves inflammation and excess mucus secretion in the lower respiratory passages?
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emphysema
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What respiratory disorder is characterized by enlarged alveoli and pulmonary fibrosis?
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if there is a family history of cleft palate
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Under what circumstances might a person have a cleft palate?
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external respiration
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What term is used for the movement of oxygen into the blood of pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide into the alveolar air?
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the chest wall becomes more rigid and the lungs lose their elasticity
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Why does vital capacity decrease in old age?
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larynx
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The ________ routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech.
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vocal folds
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Folds of mucous membrane called ________ vibrate to provide speech.
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bronchioles
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The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are known as ________.
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respiratory
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The ________ zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and is where gas exchange occurs.
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alveoli
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Gas exchange occurs in the ________.
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both the hard and soft palate
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The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by ________.
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both lungs have two lobes
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Which one of the following is NOT true of the lungs?
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spirometer
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Respiratory capacities are measured with a ________.
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carbonic acid
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When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms ________.
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carbon dioxide
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The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of the blood gas called ________.
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residual volume
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four main events of respiration?
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the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
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Expiration (exhalation) occurs when ________.
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increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
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Hyperventilation is the body's response to ________.
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apnea
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Which of these will cause the buildup of CO2 that decreases blood pH?
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most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD
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Which one of the following is NOT a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
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emphysema
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Which respiratory disease in which sufferers are often called "pink puffers," is characterized by enlarged alveoli, lung inflammation, and fibrosis of the lungs?
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placing infants on their backs to sleep
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Which of the following is a practice that has led to a sharp decline in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
