Bio 3 Ch. 2 Essential Chemistry for Biology – Flashcards
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Trace elements
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iodine, fluoride, iron
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Compounds
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substances that contain 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
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examples of compounds are
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table salt and water
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table salt is sodium chloride
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NaCl
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Water molecule H2O
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has 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen
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DNA contains the following elements
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carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and phosphorus
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How many of the naturally occurring elements are used by your body? Which 4 are the most abundant in living cells?
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25; oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
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atom
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it's the smallest of matter that retains the properties of an element.
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The structure of atoms have 3 important subatomic particles
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protons, neutron and electrons
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atomic number
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the number of protons in each atom of a particular element; elements are ordered by atomic number in the periodic table of elements
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mass number
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the sum amount of number of protons and neutrons
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atomic mass
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the bottom number of the periodic table
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a standard matter of any elements has
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an equal number of protons and neutrons;
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atomic mass
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the number of protons and the number of neutrons averaged all isotopes
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isotopes
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a variant form of an atom; they have the same number of protons and electrons
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radioactive isotopes
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an isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously , giving off particles and energy
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chemical bonds
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an attraction between 2 atoms, resulting from sharing the outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atons
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only electrons are directly involved in?
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chemical reactions
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3 types of chemical bonds
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ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds
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ionic bonds
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forms when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of elctrons
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hydrogen bonds
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a type of weak chemical bond formed
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Hydrogen Bonds are weaker than covalent bonds because
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they do not involve sharing of electrons, and they are weaker than ionic bonds because they involve the attraction of partial (not full) opposite charges.
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Which atom in the pictured molecule will have the strongest partial positive charge?
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C atom is bound to the two most electronegative atoms in the molecule (O), both of which are pulling electrons from C.
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Electronegativity
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the tendency for an atom to pull electrons towards itself
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The "Blank" of water molecules and the hydrogen bonds between water molecules explain most of water's life-supporting properties.
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Polarity
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A "BLANK" is defined as two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds?
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A molecule
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What name is given to the bond between water molecules?
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Hydrogen
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Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges __
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Ions are charged atoms.
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In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine?
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Ionic because Sodium and chlorine ions are attracted to each other.
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An ionic bond involves _____.
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an attraction between ions of opposite charge ;This is the definition of an ionic bond.
