BIO 244 – Exam 3 – Flashcards

1. Virulence factor
2. Sticky substance that allows oraganisms to move through connective tissue by decreaseing its permeability

1. Staph. aureus
2. Staph. epidermidis
3. Staph. saprophyticus

antibody neutrolizer - ties up immunoglobulin (Ig)

Vancomysin Intermediate Staph Aureus

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semi-resistant, gene is not fully expressed

virulence factor that punches holes in leukocytes

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lyses them

It's the triangular area on the face where you are most suseptible to staph infections. 

Facultative anerobe and creates biofilms 

it likes to infect deep

a toxin released by staph aureus, and pyogenes that alters BP, stimulates clotting factors, shuts down vasculature, and organs.

Causes toxic shock syndrome

1. It's opportunistic
2. Swarmer - swarm swimmer
3. Can form a biofilm

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1. Respiratory infections
2. opportunistic
3. produces thick capsules - polysaccharide chains like mucus, which lets it escape macrophages

1. opportunistic and gram negative,;stricly aerobic,;plagues cystic fibrosis patients
2. causes pneumonia, corneal ulcers and swimmers ear
3. leukocidins, exotoxin A - inhibits protein synthesis, green pigment contains pyocyanin, proteases, and lipases

1. proteases ; lipases
2. exotoxin A - cytotoxin that stops protein synthesis
3. leukocidin

1. It contains pilocidin
2. Colicin
3. Induces inflammatory response

1. causes meningitis or ghonnorhea
2. microdroplet transmission, std

1. P ; S Fimbriae - (P - urogenital S - meninges)
2. Por Protein;
3. Opa Protein
4. Rmp Protein
5. LOS - lipooligosaccharide
6. IgA protease

1. capsule that camouflages from immune system
2. causes petechial lesions
3. microdroplet ;transmission
4. ID50 = 10

1. found on the skin (armpit), can withstand dehydration, likes warm climate
2. opportunistic -;neonates and ventilation patients most susceptible
3. causes UTI's

1. gram negative
2. microaerophils - likes small concentrations of oxygen

1. encapsulated
2. endotoxins
3. IgA protease
4. CDT - cytotoxic distending toxin - carinogen
5. Fimbriae and adhesins

Influenza Type B

can cause meningitis in infantst up to age 5

1. Pertussis agent
2. person to person transmission via aerosol; can't live outside of the body
3. DPT vaccine

1. pertussis toxin;
2. tracheal cytotoxin
3. dermatocritic toxin

1. Coccobacillary
2. Brucelossis
3. Virulence factors:

• Toxic LPS;
• Can neutrolize peroxides
• Thick peptidoglycan layer (thicker than normal gram negatives)

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• Undulent fever
• Bubos (swollen lymph nodes)

1. Rabbits
2. Airborne, Lesions, Vectors, Products from animals (meats etc)
3. Can cause a Bubo

1. Coccobacillary
2. Bubonic Plague
3. V;W Factor, Fra Capsule, Secretion apparatus, Yop Proteins

1. Bacillus
2. Cattle, Livestock and Soil
3. Eschar - a necrotic patch
4. Athrax toxin which consists of a few other toxins (PA Factor, Edema Factor(ED), LF Factor)

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1. Spirochete
2. Syphillis and Periodontitis
3. Gen time = 20-30 hours
4. Hyaluronidase, Can't be phagocytized due to their shape, Endoflagella, Phase Variation

1. 3 weeks 
2. Urogenital tract

1. Primary Infection Stage: chanker leasion on penis - 1 month long
2. Primary Latency Stage - dormancy 1-2 months where phase variation takes place
3. Secondary Infection - organism moves and symptoms more system (Rash arthritis, warts)
4. Secondary Latency: goes into dormancy again, possibly for years
5. Tertiary Infection: crawls into CNS, causes dementia and insanity

1. It's a Spirochete
2. It causes Lyme's disease

Stage 1 - bullseye rash, fatigue, myalgia;

Stage 2 - Arhtritis, Palsy, Encephalitis, Cardiac Damage

Stage 3 - CNS disease, Arthritis, Alzheimers-like Meningitis

1. It's typically found in Poultry
2. Causes diarrhea, and arthritis. It can further develop into Guillans Barre Syndrome

1. It's present in 60% of people
2. Virulence factors include Ureases, Mucinase, Adhesins. It may also carry CAG Gene (pathogenicity island). It cay carry CDT (Cyto distending Toxin)

1. Cyto distending toxin
2. It can be carcinogenic

1. Acid Fast bacteria
2. It has lipoprotein ; peptidoglycan wall which makes it hard to kill
3. Gen Time = 13 hrs

1. Predisposition must be set up. Immunosuppressed due to trauma or secondary infection, macrophages not working well, substance abuse, stress etc.

1. A Tubercle is a wall created around infected macrophages made of body tissue.
2. GHON complex is a calicified tubercle

FOUR drug therapy for TWO months - kill active growing popultion

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THEN

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TWO drugs for FOUR months

1. Water systems, cooling towers, humidifiers
2. Legionaires disease
3. Cytotoxins, and exotoxins, pleomorphic

1. Bacteria that are smaller than normal bacteria.
2. Mycoplasm, Chlamydia, and Rickettsia

1. It has only 500 genes. It has a thick 3 layer cholesterol membrane wall, it's pleomorphic
2. Primary Atypical Pneumonia, NGU (Nongonnococcal urethritis)
3. NAP area, VSA proteins, adhesins

1. Lacks Peptidoglycan, lacks Kreb Cycle - drives ATP from its host. It reprodces by fission - has elementary and reticular bodies
2. Can cause NGU
3. LPS toxin

1. Population size
2. Presence of Spores or cysts
3. Matrix material that microbes are in 
4. Wheter antimicrobial microbicidal vs microbistatic

1. It coagulates proteins, denatures
2. Bacterial spores and fungal spores

1. It breaks down DNA
2. Surfaces, foods, thin films of liquid

1. It screens out microbes
2. HELP filters, and ULPA

1. Phenol Coefficient
2. It compares killing power of phenal as it relates to time required to kill a certain population of either Staph or Salmonella. 

• Inhibits cell wall formation
• distrupts cell membranes
• stops protein production
• inhibits nucleic acid formation

• Production of enzymes that break them down
• Changes in membrane permeability
• Pumping out by secretion apparatus
• Changes in ribosome structure

MRSA (Multi Resistant Staphylococcs Aureus)

XMD (Mycobacterium)

VRE (Enterococcus)

1. inhibiting viral polymerases (nucleotide analogs)
2. Protease inhibitors 
3. Inhibitors of attachment and penetration of the virus into the host cell

Enteroinvasive E. Coli

Enteropathogenic E. Coli