Bio 13 – Flashcards
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Gametes are produced by _____________.
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Meiosis
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Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.
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23
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Once Meiosis I is completed, all the cells are
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Haploid
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A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.
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16
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Meiosis II begins with 2 _________ cells
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Haploid
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Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.
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two, halpoid
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Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.
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four, haploid
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During _____ sister chromatids separate.
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Anaphase II
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At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.
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Telophase I
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Homologous chromosomes pair during _________
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Prophase I
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Synapsis occurs during _____.
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Prophase I
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Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.
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Anaphase I
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During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.
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Metaphase II
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During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.
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Prophase II
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A human somatic cell contains _____
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44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes
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In alternation of generations, the diploid stage of a plant that follows fertilization is the _____.
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sporophyte
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Mitosis results in the formation of _____
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two diploid cells
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Meiosis results in the formation of ______
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two haploid cells
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Crossing over is _____.
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the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids
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Genetic variation occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in _____ and fertilization.
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Meiosis
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What is the Haploid Number?
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23
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Diploid number is ______
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46
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What is the result of meiosis
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one set of chromosomes in each gamete
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Casmata
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where they cross over
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What are the only haploid cells in animals
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Gametes
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Sporophyte makes haploid ________ by meiosis
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spores
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Each spore grows by mitosis into a haploid organism by called a ________
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gametophyte
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Fertilization of gametes results in a ____________
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diploid sporophyte
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The zygote produces haploid cells by ________
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meiosis
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Only ______ cells can go through meiosis
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diploid
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The two cell divisions result in ________ daughter cells, rather than _________ daughter cells in mitosis
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4,2
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Each daughter cells has _______ as many chromosomes as the parent cell
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half
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What happens during the first stage of Meiosis
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homologous chromosomes seperate
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What is reductional division?
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meiosis one results in 2 haploid daughter cells
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What is equational division
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Meiosis II results in 4 haploid daughter cells with UNREPLICATED chromosomes
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When does synapsis occur
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Prophase I
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What is a chiasmate?
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where the x-shaped regions where crossing over occured
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Are the two sister chromatids gentically similar during Metaphase II
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no!
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What are cohesions?
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protein complexes
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What are alleles
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mutations of genes
