Baruch College Biology Exam Review Sheet
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biology
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the study of living organisms
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respiration
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A process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
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transport
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the act of doing molecules or ions across the cell membrane or through the bloodstream
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order
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domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
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reproduction
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the production of offspring
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growth and development
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growth in number not size
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energy processing
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the use of chemical energy to power an organism's activities and chemical reactions
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population
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A group of organisms of the same species populating a given area
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evolutionary adaptation
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An accumulation of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms' ability to survive and reproduce in specific environments.
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hierarchial organization of life
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multiple levels: biosphere, ecosystem, community,population, organism, organ system, organ,tissue,cell,organelle,molecule
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biosphere
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Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
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ecosystem
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A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment
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community
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A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other
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population
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A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
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organism
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A living thing
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organ system
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A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
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organ
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A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
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tissue
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A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
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cell
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BASIC UNIT OF LIVING ORGANISMS AND THE SIMPLEST LIVING UNIT OF LIFE.
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organelle
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A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
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molecule
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A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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scientific method
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A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
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prokaryotic
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An organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, such as bacteria.
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eukaryotic
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A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi, plants and animals).
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CHAPTER 2 CHEMISTRY DEFINITION
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THE ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP LIVING MATTER AND THE WAYS IN WHICH THE ATOMS OF THOSE MOLECULES INTERACT.
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Matter
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anything that takes up space
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element
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a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means
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atoms
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smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
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elements
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Elements: pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
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compounds
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2 or more elements chemically combined
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ionic bonding
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bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other.
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covalent bonding
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bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms
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polar
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unequal sharing
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non-polar
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equal sharing
