ATI Test – Flashcard
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hypoxia
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a reduced supply of oxygen to tissues below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood
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hypoxemia
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a diminished amount (reduced saturation) of oxygen in arterial blood
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hypercapnia
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an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
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In the early stages of hypoxia, the patient is often....
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restless and confused and might report feeling anxious. The patient's vital signs might also vary from baseline, with heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure elevated
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In the late stages of hypoxia, the patient is likely to develop....
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hypotension, bradycardia, and metabolic acidosis. The patient may also develop cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.
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For patients who have chronic hypoxia, the manifestations differ. These patients often have ....
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clubbing of their fingers and toes, peripheral edema, right-sided heart failure, and an oxygen saturation below 87%.
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hypoxia is left untreated, the patient's condition can deteriorate, resulting in....
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a decrease in activity level, an increase in confusion, a decrease in level of consciousness, and possibly coma.
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When patients with COPD receive oxygen at too high a flow rate.....
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Carbon dioxide narcosis (a complication that causes confusion, tremors, convulsions, and coma) can result. This complication can ultimately lead to respiratory arrest if left untreated.
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If a patient is not improving with oxygen therapy,....
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check to make sure the equipment is functioning properly, the correct oxygen delivery device is in use, and the flow rate is set correctly.
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If Pt. is on O2 therapy and showing S&S of hypoxia......
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Perform a respiratory assessment along with a complete set of vital signs, including oxygen saturation indicated via pulse oximetry. After assessing your patient, also document the patient's skin color, level of consciousness, and other signs and any manifestations of hypoxia. **perform a skin assessment where the oxygen-delivery device comes into contact with the patient's skin. Inspect the nose, the ears, and under the chin for redness, irritation, and skin breakdown.
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If you need to adjust the flow rate to improve O2 stats....
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Because oxygen is considered a medication, you must obtain an order from the provider before adjusting the flow rate
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Consider humidification if....
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the flow rate is 4 L/min or more
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To help alleviate dryness of the mucous membranes for patient receiving O2....
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consider humidification, ncreasing the patient's fluid intake, if not contraindicated, and providing oral care frequently
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Depending on the flow rate prescribed, humidification might be required. This is usually accomplished by......
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attaching a bottle of sterile water to the oxygen-delivery equipment. As the oxygen bubbles through the water, it picks up moisture and helps keep the patient's mucous membranes from becoming dry. Be sure to replace the sterile water at least every 24 hours or according to the facility's policy.
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A variety of oxygen-delivery devices are available for administering oxygen therapy. Which device to use often depends on.....
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the degree of hypoxia the patient is experiencing and any underlying respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is also important to consider the patient's age, level of consciousness, presence of an artificial airway, and environment (hospital or home) when choosing an oxygen-delivery device.
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A nasal cannula delivers oxygen concentrations of....
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22% to 50% with flow rates from 1 to 6 L/min through the cannula **The exact concentration inspired depends on the flow rate and on the patient's rate and pattern of breathing and the depth of respirations.
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A nasal cannula is usually used for patients who are......
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noncritical with minor breathing problems and for patients who cannot or will not wear an oxygen mask. ***Because this device administers low-flow oxygen, humidification is rarely required.
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A simple mask is usually used for patients who require....
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a moderate flow rate for a short period of time.
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A simple mask has the ability to deliver oxygen concentrations of....
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40% to 60% with flow rates from 6 to 10 L/min. ***Because carbon dioxide can build up in the mask at low flow rates, do not use a flow rate lower than 6 L/min with this type of mask.
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A nonrebreather mask can deliver oxygen concentrations of...
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60% to 95% with flow rates from 10 to 15 L/min. **This provides the patient with an oxygen concentration of nearly 100%. ***
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A Venturi mask is most often used for...
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critically ill patients who require administration of a specific concentration of oxygen.
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A Venturi mask can deliver oxygen concentrations from _____ to ____......
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24% to 60% with flow rates from 4 to 12 L/min. Because this device delivers a precise oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide buildup is minimal, it is commonly used for patients who have COPD. Humidification is usually unnecessary with this device.
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A face tent is often used as...
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an alternative to an aerosol mask, especially for patients who report feeling claustrophobic with an aerosol mask.
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A face tent delivers oxygen concentrations of _____ to _____......
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28% to 100% with flow rates from 8 to 12 L/min. ****This device is convenient for delivering both humidification and oxygen; however, it is difficult to control the concentration of oxygen administered since the actual concentration of oxygen depends on the rate and depth of the patient's respirations.
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A manual resuscitation bag is used to....
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provide high concentrations of oxygen to a patient prior to a procedure, such as suctioning or intubating, and during respiratory or cardiac arrest. It can also be used to assist patients who are breathing but not adequately.
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Thacheostomy collar/mask is....
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A small mask that fits over the patient's tracheostomy site.The mask has an exhalation port that remains patent at all times and a port that connects to the oxygen source with large-bore tubing. The flow rate is usually set at 10 L/min, with a nebulizer set at the appropriate oxygen concentration.
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Noninvasive ventilation, an alternative to mechanical ventilation is used to.....
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Maintain positive airway pressure and to improve alveolar ventilation without the need for an artificial airway.
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Noninvasive ventilation is commonly used for patients who have
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Congestive heart failure, sleep disorders, and pulmonary diseases to improve oxygenation, reduce and reverse atelectasis, reduce pulmonary edema, and improve cardiac function. ***The two types of noninvasive ventilation are CPAP and BiPAP.
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Objective measures of the effectiveness of oxygen therapy include...
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the patient's vital signs, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function tests, ECG tracings, physical examination findings, and functional status. **Any evaluation should consider the patient's specific condition, health status, progress, expected outcome, and the patient's perceptions.
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Documentation for oxygen therapy should include the following and any additional information pertinent to the administration of oxygen:
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•the date and time oxygen therapy was initiated •the method by which oxygen is being delivered (cannula, simple mask) •the flow rate in liters per minute •the patient's response to oxygen therapy •the condition of the patient's skin where the delivery device rests (ears, nose) •respiratory assessment findings before and after oxygen therapy was initiated •the patient's response to oxygen therapy and any adverse reactions •any patient and family teaching done
