ATI Chapter 49: IV Therapy – Flashcards
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Bevel
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the slanted surface at the tip of a needle
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Bifurcation
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division into 2 branches, fork
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Cannula
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a tube inserted into a vessel
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Catheter handle
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the "handle" of an intravenous catheter, the part that allows access to the catheter's lumen for a variety of functions, such as the injection or infusion of fluids or drugs or the introduction of a guide wire
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Colonization
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implantation and growth of a micro-organism on or in a host
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Central venous catheter
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a blood-vessel access device usually inserted into the subclavian or jugular vein with the distal tip resting in the superior vena cava just above the right atrium; used for long-term intravenous therapy or parenteral nutrition
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Drip chamber
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the portion of an intravenous administration set that lies just below the tubing insertion spike and allows visualization of the individual drops of solution being infused; the portion squeezed and released to begin the flow of solution immediately after insertion of the spike into the solution bag or bottle when preparing an intravenous infusion set
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Drip factor or drop factor
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the calibration or number of drops per milliliter of solution delivered for a particular drip chamber
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Embolus
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a blood clot or bolus of air developed in to introduced into a blood vessel that moves from its place of origin and is capable of obstructing blood circulation
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Flash chamber
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the portion of an over-the-needle catheter that allows observation of a blood return when the catheter enters the vein
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Fluid-Volume deficit
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loss of both water and elctrolte from the extracellular fluid, also called hypovolemia
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Heparin lock
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an intravenous catheter inserted into a vein and left in place for the intermittent administration of medication through its port or as an open line for emergency situations and intermittently flushed with a heparin solution to maintain patency
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Hypertonic
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referring to a solution that has a higher osmolarity than body fluids have
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Hypotonic
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referring to a solution that has a lower osmolarity than body fluids have
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Infiltration
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seepage or introduction of fluid, such as IV fluid, into the tissues surrounding a blood vessels, similar to extravasation
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Infusion
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slow, intention introduction of flui into a vein
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Infusion pump
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device that delivers IV fluids via positive pressure at a specific preset rate
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Injection cap
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a rubber cap attached to the end of an IV catheter or extension tubing to allow access to the blood vessel for injecting fluid.
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Injection port
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a small, covered, branched portion of IV tubing configured as a place to inject medication or fluid in tot he infusing solution
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Intravascular
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within a blood vessel
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Introducer needle
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the needle inside an over-the-needle catheter used to pierce the wall of a vein to initiate intravenous access that is withdrawn and discarded after the catheter is properly positioned within the vein
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Isotonic
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referring to a solution that has the same osmolarity as body fluids
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Over the needle catheter
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a plastic catheter that fits over needle and is used to pierce the wall of a vein initiate intravenous access
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Patent
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open and obstructed
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Percutaneous
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performed through the skin
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Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
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a catheter used for long-term intravenous access and inserted in the basilic or cephalic vein just above or below the antecubital space with the tip of the catheter resting in the superior vena cava
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Phlebitis
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inflammation of a vein
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Roller clamp
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device with intravenous tubing threaded through it that acts as a valve when turned (rolled) to increase, decrease, or stop the flow of fluid through the tubing
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Saline lock
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an intravenous catheter inserted into a vein and left in place for the intermittent administration of medication through its port or as an open line for emergency situations and intermittently flushed with normal saline solution to maintain patenc
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Thrombosis
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the formation or presence of a stationary flood clot within the blood vessel
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time tape
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self-adhesive, coated tape used for labeling an intravenous infusion, for example, with the time it was started
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Vascular access device
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an umbrella term that includes a variety of catheters, cannulas, and infusion ports that allow intermittent or continuous access to a blood vessel
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Venipuncture
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inserting a needle into a vein to withdraw blood samples or to establish ongoing access to a vein
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Which of the following is an important nursing action when converting an IV infusion to a saline lock
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Flush the IV catheter to confirm patency
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A nurse is discontinuing an IV infusion. For which of the following reasons is it important to verity and document the integrity and condition of the IV catheter
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a broken off catheter tip indicates the risk for an embolus
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A nurse initiating a peripheral IV infusion punctures the skin and selected vein and observes blood return in the flashback chamber of the IV catheter. Which task should the nurse perform next
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Lower the catheter until it is almost flush with the skin
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A nurse has just inserted a peripheral IV catheter for a continuous infusion. To secure the catheter, the nurse should
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leave the connection between the him and the tubing uncovered.
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A nurse finds a pt's IV sire red, warm and slightly edematous. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?
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Discontinue the IV line
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Which step is correct when discontinuing an IV?
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Pull the catheter straight back from the insertion site.
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A pt is early stage renal failure is prescribed an infusion of .45% NaCl. this is appropriate because...
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it dilutes extracellular fluid and rehydrates the cells.
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How often should the nurse plan to replace the primary infusion tubing
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every 72 hours
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Sign of early infiltration
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Coolness
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To prevent a common complication of continuous enteral tube feeding, a nurse should
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limit the time the formula hangs to 4 hrs.
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A nurse on the IV team is conducting an education program for a newly hired nurse. After discussing complications of IV therapy, which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of clinical manifestations of infiltration? (Select all that apply.) A. "The temperature around the IV site is cooler." B. "The rate of the infusion increases." C. "The skin at the IV site is red." D. "The IV dressing is damp." E. "The tissue around the venipuncture site is swollen."
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A, D, E
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A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse on the proper procedure for inserting an IV catheter for a preoperative client. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates understanding of the procedure? A. "I will thread the needle all the way into the vein until the hub rests against the insertion site after I see a flashback of blood." B. "I will insert the needle into the client's skin with the bevel up at an angle of 10° to 30°." C. "I will apply pressure approximately 1.25 inches below the insertion site prior to removing the needle." D. "I will choose the antecubital fossa vein for IV insertion due to its size and easily accessible location."
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B
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A nurse is caring for a client receiving dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride IV at 120 mL/hr. Which of the following statements by the client should alert the nurse to suspect fluid overload? (Select all that apply.) A. "I feel lightheaded." B. "I feel as though my heart is racing." C. "I feel a little short of breath." D. "The nurse's aide told me that my blood pressure was 150/90." E. "I think my ankles are less swollen."
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B, C, D
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A nurse educator is teaching a module about preventing IV infections during new employee orientation. Which of the following statements by a newly hired nurse indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "I will leave the IV catheter in my client after the IV antibiotics are completed." B. "As long as I am working with the same client, I can use the same IV catheter for my second insertion attempt." C. "If my client needs to use the rest room, it would be safer to disconnect his IV infusion as long as I clean the injection port thoroughly with an antiseptic swab." D. "I will change continuous infusion tubing no more frequently than every 96 hours and change intermittent infusion tubing every 24 hours."
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D
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A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving IV therapy and reports pain in his arm, chills, and "not feeling well." The nurse notes warmth, edema, induration, and red streaking on the client's arm close to the IV insertion site. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to do first? A. Obtain a specimen for culture. B. Apply a warm compress. C. Administer analgesics. D. Discontinue the infusion.
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D
