Astronomy Test 2 Study Guide – Flashcards
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We are seeing hot gas rising and cool gas falling due to the convection that occurs beneath the surface
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The sun's surface seethes and churns with a bubbling pattern. Why?
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Electrons orbit the nucleus rather like planets orbiting the sun
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Which of the following statements about electrons is false?
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Reflects visible light
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Without telescopes or other aid, we can look up and see the moon in the night sky because it?
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An emission line spectrum
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If you heat a gas so hot that collisions are continually bumping electrons to higher energy levels, when the electrons fall back to lower energy levels the gas produces?
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Strong magnetic fields slow convection and prevent hot plasma from entering the region
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Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding gas in the photosphere because?
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When a star contracts in size, gravitational potential energy is converted to thermal energy
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Which of the following correctly describes how the process of gravitational contraction can make a star hot?
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By looking for the splitting of spectral line in the Sun's spectrum
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How can we measure the strength of magnetic fields on the Sun?
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Molecules scatter blue light more than red light
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Why is the Earth's daytime sky blue?
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Orbital period and average orbital distance
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To calculate the masses of stars in a binary system, we must measure their?
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Collisions between rotating gas particlese flatten the gas cloud along the axis of rotation
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Why do flat disks form around young stars?
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Gas ejected from a low mass star in its final stage of its life
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What is a planetary nebula?
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Outward pressure due to super heated gas
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What keeps the Sun's outer layers from continuing to fall inward in a gravitational collapse?
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Its mass and its stage of life
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All stars are born with the same basic composition, yet stars can look quite different from one another. Which two factors primarily determine the characteristics of a star?
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Speed perpendicular to my line of sight
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Which of the following properties cannot be determined from a spectrum of a star?
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Its color
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To determine a stars surface temperature, you need to measure?
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Evaporation
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Which of the following is not a way light and matter interact?
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Nuclear fusion
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By what process does the sun generate energy?
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Yes, and the red shifts would be the same.
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If a distant galaxy has a substantial red shift, then everyone living in that galaxy would see a substantial red shift in a spectrum of our galaxy.
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Mass with which they are formed
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Since all stars begin their lives with the same basic composition, what characteristic most determines how with they will differ?
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What surface temperature and luminosity it will have at each stage of its life
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What can we learn about a star from a life track on a HR diagram?
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Emits a photon of a specific frequency
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When an electron in an atom goes from a higher energy state to a lower energy state, the atom?
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This is the main way we determine the masses of the stars
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In binary stars, the orbital period depends on the masses of the stars and the sizes of the orbits. Why is this so valuable to know?
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The rate of nuclear fusion in the sun peaks about every 11 years
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Which of the following statements about the sun spot cycle is not true?
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Total amount of energy that the star radiates each second
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A star's luminosity is the?
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The passage of a light wave can cause electrically charged particles to move up and down
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Which of the following best describes why we say the at light is an electromagnetic wave?
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No, the suns warmer surface would emit more light at all wavelengths
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If the sun's surface became much hotter(while the sun's size remained the same), the sun would emit more ultraviolet light but less visible than it currently emits.
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Larger than that of star B
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If star A is closer to the sun than star B, than star A's parallax angle is?
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nuclear fusion
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Why does the sun shine (clicker)?
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a proton
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What is a hydrogen nucleus made of (clicker)?
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One neutron and one proton One proton and two neutrons Three protons and no neutrons Three protons and two neutrons ANSWER: NONE OF THE ABOVE!!!!!!!
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What is a helium nucleus made of (clicker)?
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The core would expand and cool
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What would happen inside the Sun if a slight rise in core temperature led to a rapid rise in fusion energy (clicker)?
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The two protons have + charges and repel. Only at high speed can they collide close enough for nuclear forces to bind them
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Why are very high temperatures required for nuclear fusion to occur (clicker)?
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λ = h/mv
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Formula for de Broglie wavelength (clicker)?
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Venus-Sun distance and the length of Venus' "year".
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Which of the following can be used to measure the mass of the Sun? (clicker)
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—The stretching and twisting of magnetic field lines near the Sun's surface causes solar activity. —Bursts of charged particles from the Sun can disrupt communications, satellites, and electrical power generation
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What causes solar activity? (clicker)
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Activity" rises and falls in 11-year cycles
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How does solar activity vary with time?
