ASTR 103 Ch 3 Quizes – Flashcards
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The names of the seven days of the week are based on the
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Seven naked-eye objects that appear to move among the constellations
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By the late 1600s, science and technology in China fell behind that of Europe. Many historians believe that this happened because
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A culture of secrecy discouraged broad collaborative efforts
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The path that led to modern science emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world?
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The Mediterranean and the Middle East
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How did Eratosthenes estimate the size of Earth in 240 BC?
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By comparing the maximum altitude of the Sun in 2 cities at different latitudes
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Which of the following was NOT observed by Galileo?
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Stellar parallax Galileo DID observe: -craters on the Moon -phases of Venus -sunspots -Jupiter's moons
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How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets?
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It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around Earth
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During the Dark Ages in Europe, the scientific work of the ancient Greeks was preserved and further developed primarily by scholars in
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Baghdad
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The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that Earth and other planets orbit the Sun
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Copernicus
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He discovered that the orbits of planets are ellipses
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Kepler
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Which one follows directly from Kepler's third law?
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Venus orbits the Sun at a slower average speed than Mercury
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Kepler's second law, which states that as a planet moves around its orbit it sweeps out equal areas in equal times, means that
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A planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun
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One of the "nails in the coffin" for Earth-centered universe was
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Galileo's observations of the moons of Jupiter
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Ptolemy was important in the history of astronomy because he
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Developed a model of the solar system that made sufficiently accurate predictions of planetary positions to remain in use for many centuries
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The names of the 7 days of the week are derived from the names of members of the solar system that are visible to the naked-eye
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TRUE
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The Ptolemaic model of the solar system was useless for predicting planetary positions
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FALSE -predicted planets locations accepted as accurate for centuries
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Copernicus was the first person to suggest a Sun-centered universe
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FALSE -?????
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Copernicus' model of the solar system gave much better predictions than the model of Ptolemy
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FALSE -complicated Alfonsine tables (Ptolemaic)
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In the Ptolemaic system, Venus should not show gibbous and full phases
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TRUE -Galileo noticed Venus' phases
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Galileo found "imperfections" on the Sun in the form of sunspots, and "imperfections" on the Moon in the form of mountains and valleys
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TRUE
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It is possible for science as a whole to be objective despite the fact that all individual scientists have biases and beliefs
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TRUE
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Scientific thinking developed only in the past few decades
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FALSE
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Scientific theories can NEVER be proven beyond all doubt
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TRUE
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A scientific model must make testable predictions
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TRUE
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Astronomy and astrology were often practiced together in ancient cultures, and astrology played an important role in the historical development of astronomy
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TRUE
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Nonscientific practices that make no claims about how the natural world works do not conflict with science
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TRUE
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Process of science: I am doing science when I already know the answer to my scientific question and I am searching in the natural world strictly to support what I believe
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FALSE
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Process of science: If any single test of a scientific hypothesis contradicts it, the hypothesis must be revised or discarded
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TRUE
