Art History Questions – Flashcards
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What is the significance of drawing in relation to art history?
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Art history has proven that drawing is the most fundamental activity of the artist.
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What was or is naturalism?
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The creation of convincing realism through methodical observation.
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In what country did the renaissance mainly occur?
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Italy.
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What was the legacy of the Renaissance period?
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Naturalism.
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What style was the most powerful influence on drawing? Why?
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It was the High Renaissance because it was the first to use Naturalism.
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Define the word "Renaissance."
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Rebirth.
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Explain the concept of "Renaissance Man." Which one of the artists discussed best fits this type of universal man? Why?
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Renaissance Man means academian, not someone who specializes in one thing. Leonardo DaVinci best fits this description because he studied fields other than art.
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What is a tondo?
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A round artwork.
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What is a triptych?
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A painting with three panels.
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Explain "Eclecticism." Which artist best fits an eclectic?
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Eclecticism is to draw from other sources and fuse their ideas into a rendering style of ones own. Raphael Sanzio best fits the description of an eclectic.
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Who was the first relevant artist to paint on canvas rather than wood panels?
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Titian.
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What is a fresco painting?
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A painting on a wall or ceiling into moist plaster.
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Who was the father of printmaking?
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Albrecht Durer.
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Explain Albrecht Durer's two types of printmaking techniques.
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Woodcuts, and Copper engraving.
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What is foreshortening?
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Making an appendage, like an arm, come directly out toward the viewer.
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What was the main subject of Hieronymous Bosch's paintings?
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Good and Evil, though with some traces of humor.
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Who greatly influenced Pieter Bruegel's artistic style?
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Bosch.
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What were the main topics of Brugel's artwork?
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The moral defects of man.
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How did the Mannerist style of art come about?
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The mannerist style was reactions to the beliefs and styles of the high renaissance.
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How did the Mannerist artists display the human figure?
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They twisted and stretched it to unnatural heights.
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What did the word Baroque originally mean?
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Gross, a insult
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What countries became the most powerful during the Baroque Period?
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England, Holland, France, Spain.
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What was the artist's main contribution to science?
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Observation skills.
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Were artists of the Baroque Period universal men like DaVinci? Why or why not?
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No, science became to complex.
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How did Caravaggio use light?
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Caravagio spotlit his subjects, and made his backround very dark.
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What were Bernini's three influences (He studied this things when he and his family moved to Rome)?
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Greek Sculpture, Raphael, and Michaelangelo.
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Which artist created several major foundations in Rome?
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Bernini.
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What did Bernini's artwok often convey in terms of emotions?
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Extreme excitement, and violent realism.
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What High Renaissance artist influence Peter Paul Rubens the most?
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Michaelanglo.
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Who was noted to be the greatest self-portrait painter?
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Rembrant
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What was invented light? Which Baroque artist was known to use this?
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Invented light means that he used figures and faces often showing light from within that glows outward, rembrant showed this.
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What is a genre artwork? Give an example of an artist that painted genre subjects.
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Genre artwork is making everyday common objects, through the painting process, seem special and unique. Jan Vermeer is an artist who did this.
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What is chiaroscuro?
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To put light on one side of a subject, then quickly describing shadows on the opposite side.
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What country in Europe became the most powerful and richest during the Rococo Period?
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France
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The Rococo Period's beginning was termed what?
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The age of Versialle.
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What city replaced Rome as the capital of art in Europe during the Rococo Period?
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Paris
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What was the official task of the arts in France at the time?
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To glorify the king.
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How did the aristocracy spend their time during the Rococo Period?
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Persuing pleasure, going on holidays, and playing.
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What was Rococo art in terms of sytyle and subject matter?
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Aristocratic with love of elegance, style, and subject matter.
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What is aerail perspective?
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Also known as atmostpheric perspective, it is making a background look far away by using less detail, paste colors, and lighter values or tones.
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Who was England's greatest portrait painter?
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Thomas Gainsborough
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What signaled the end of the Renaissance-Baroque era?
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When religion and kingship ceased to command that allegiance of western peoples.
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What occured in America and France to bring about the age of Romanticism?
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An emotional reaction to the established order (religion and polotics)
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As Romanticism grew, what did the artists worship of express in their art?
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Wild, strange, marvelous, melancholy, space, time, classic greece, middle age, american forest.
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What did they revive or resurrect in their art?
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Early styles revived.
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Who painted propaganda artworks at the beginning of the Romantic Period?
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Jacques Louis David
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Who was the first neo-classicist artisit that we studied?
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David
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As freedom swept over France during the 19th century, on what did David base his artwork?
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Greek and Roman art.
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Considering Gericault broke away from classism, on what was his artwork based?
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Emotionalism and Melodrama
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In what did Gericault feel nature's truth could be found?
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In battle frenzy, suffering, insanity, and the instant of death.
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The "Raft of Medusa" painting signaled the birth of what new style of art?
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Art-Romanticism
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Who was the first artist to piant outdoors on location?
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John Constable
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Which artist never traveled out of his native land to piant?
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John Constable
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Who used watercolor techniques in his oil painting?
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Turner
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What was Turner's main subject? Be specific.
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Atmospheric effects of nature.
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What artist was a forerunner of impressionism?
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Turner
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Who painted allegorical landscape?
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Cole; allegorical landscape is meant to teach and speak to the viewer.
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Who was the teacher of Frederic Church?
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Cole
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Which artist sought to depict the idealist landscape?
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Edwin Church
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Which artist explored and painted the American West?
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Bierstadt
