Art History Midterm 2710 Clark UVU – Flashcards
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Makapansgat Pebble, PALEOLITHIC, jasperite, South Africa
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carried far from original point of origin. Is it a face? First art object? Is it art because we made it? or is it art because we attach meaning and significance to it?
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Bison, Altamira Cave, PALEOLITHIC, wall-painting, Spain
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(profile representation: horns, legs tail etc. are all clearly visible)...Hunting Ritual, strike marks, symbolically killing the animal, renewing it by painting it and then striking it again-LIKENESS AND PRESENCE (looks like vs. meant to convey the essence), the power of imagery
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Venus of Willendorf, PALEOLITHIC, limes (boobs look like limes) tone, Kunsthistoriches, Vienna, Austria
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Symbol of Fertility (more PRESENCE than it is likeness, artists did not aim for naturalism)
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Gobekli Tepe, NEOLITHIC, limestone, Turkey
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World's oldest stone temples, carved with animal relief's on T-monoliths (10-12 tons) (Anthropomorphic?: the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities) Relief Carving Shrines/Temples No evidence of agrarian activity Hunter-gatherers, All bone/trash deposits are of wild non-domesticated animals, All depictions are of wild animals Religious activity preceded Agriculture
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Çatal Huyuk, NEOLITHIC, mud (cattle poop) brick & plaster, Turkey
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(complex, record keeping, agrarian), Communal Living, Common Walls, Defensive - Mud-brick construction , Courtyards, Community Shrines, regular appearance of humans in paintings (profile face, forward chest), they prepared the canvas for painting with white plaster
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Landscape with Town and Volcanic Eruption, NEOLITHIC, Çatal Huyuk, Turkey
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First History / Landscape Painting?
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Watch Tower, NEOLITHIC, stone, Jericho
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Oldest continuously inhabited town, Defensive Structure
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Plastered Skull, NEOLITHIC, plaster, skull, Jericho
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FIRST physical portrait gallery. May have "worshipped" their ancestors, life-life "portraits", inlaid with sea shells for eyes, ritualistic
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Stonehenge, NEOTLITHIC, sarsen sandstone, Salisbury Plain, England
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"Post and Lintel" construction, Megalithic, trilithons (3 stone contruction) , was a funeral site and later an astronomical calendar
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Mother Goddess, NEOLITHIC, limestone, Tarxien Malta
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Monumental Sculpture, Fertility Goddess?, Central Cult Worship
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Bull-Headed Lyre, ANCIENT NEAR EAST BRONZE AGE, gold, silver, shell & lapis lazuli over wood, British Museum, London
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Royal Tombs of Ur
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Standard, ANCIENT NEAR EAST BRONZE AGE, gold, silver, shell & lapis lazuli over wood, British Museum, London
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Sumerian people, Royal Tombs of Ur, may have been the sound box of an instrument, or a military standard, war side and peace side, divided by three horizontal bands, reads from bottom to top
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Ram in thicket, ANCIENT NEAR EAST BRONZE AGE, gold, silver, shell & lapis lazuli over wood, British Museum, London
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Royal Tombs of Ur, incense burner
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Headdress of Queen Puabi, ANCIENT NEAR EAST BRONZE AGE, Philadelphia
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Royal Tombs of Ur, was possibly a queen or moon goddess?
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Head of Akkadian Ruler (Sargon), from Nineveh, ANCIENT NEAR EAST BRONZE AGE, cast copper, Baghdad
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Mesopotamian people, Akkadian language, great combination of realism and style, *WAX MOLD METHOD!
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Stele of Naram-Sin (Grandson of Sargon), (from iran) ANCIENT NEAR EAST BRONZE AGE, Louvre, Paris
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treading on enemies, bigger and stronger, hierarchy of scale
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Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu showing main stair. ANCIENT NEAR EAST BRONZE AGE, mudbrick & fired brick, Ur
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The oldest preserved tiered temple. higher up represents holier (because they don't have mountains)
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Stele of Hammurabi, ANCIENT NEAR EAST BRONZE AGE, diorite, Louvre, Paris
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Babylonian King established 300 laws for his people, only laws known in great detail, iconography of features that represents that he is a god, it comes not from him but through him...projection of power and where he gets his authority from
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Narmer Palette, Early Dynastic, siltstone, Cairo
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UNIFICATION: Narmer, Symbols of Upper and Lower Egypt, projections of power (foreshortening: representing object at angle, instead of frontally or profile)
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Great Pyramids of Giza, 4th Dynasty, limestone, Giza, Egypt
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3 to serve as tombs for the kings of the 4th dynasty: Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. Symbolize sunrays. afterlife..the ka (life force) and ba (which goes on to after life)...have to take care of the ka...the pharaoh gets a bigger tomb than anyone...guarded by great sphinx, represents divine presence, a lion with a human head.
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Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut, 18th Dynasty, limestone, Deir El-Bahri, Egypt
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(think 18 pillars) female pharaoh, takes on male identity
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Akhenaten ; family, New Kingdom, 18th Dyn, Berlin
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Sunken Relief** less subject to be damaged, mood is casual, features more elongated and curved...tenderness with children, naturalism
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Queen Nefertiti, 18th Dyn., stucco over limestone, Berlin
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shift in style, detail
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Tomb of Nebamun, 18th Dyn., wall-painting, Thebes, Egypt (Now in London)
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Banquet ; Dancers, Artist experimented with frontal views
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Golden mask of Tutankhamen, 18th Dyn, gold, Cairo
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the mask is meant to give him permanent flesh that will last for all time, Heir of Ahkenaten, Restored worship of Egyptian deities, Died at age 18 • Buried in the Valley of the Kings, Tomb concealed by the construction of the tomb of the Rameses IV
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Canopic Shrine with Selket, 18th Dynasty, Egyptian Museum, Cairo
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The liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines of the pharaohs were each removed and carefully placed in individual canopic jars
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Golden Throne ; Detail of Scene, Tomb of Tutankhamen, 18th Dyn., Egyptian Museum, Cairo
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made of wood and covered in gold
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Temple of Abu Simbel, 19th Dyn, sandstone , Nubia, Egypt
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Rock- cut temple of Ramses II, resting against a new artificial mountain, 4 huge images of himself, lacking detail because of monumental size
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The Book of the Dead of Hunefer, 19th Dyn., British Museum, London
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everyone has access to similar after life: Anubis leads him into the hall of judgement, Anubis weighs his heart against a feather, The Ammit will devour the heart if the scales judge him unfavorably, After being justified he is let to the green god Osiris and his sisters to receive eternal life.
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1. Cycladic Figurine, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN marble, National Archaeological Museum, Athens
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fertility symbols?
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Reconstruction of Knossos (plan) Palace, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN, Crete
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where minotaur myth came from...Palace Complexes - Central Courtyards (Ceremonial Centers?) - Magazines Food Storage / Tribute - Residence - Shrines - No obvious walls or fortifications, minoans...shrines, courtyards, palace, frescos...bull leaping seems to be a ceremony, influenced by egyptian but organic...
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Throne room, Palace of Knossos, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN, Crete
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showing gypsum throne ; griffin ; lilies
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Toreador Fresco, Palace of Knossos, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN, Crete
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Men and women, minotaur myth?
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Grandstand Fresco, Palace of knossos, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN, Crete
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Olympic games?
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Lion Gate, 2nd Palace Period, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN, Athens
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Posts and Lintel*** militaristic...more structure in the art, symmetry...shaft graves..mask of agamemnon, preserving the flesh ...
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Golden Mask of Agamemnon ; Mycenaean daggers from shaft graves,) c. 1600 BCE, National Archaeological Museum, Athens, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN
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first mask in GREECE, produced by metal working with gold
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Mycenaean daggers from shaft graves, Mycenae, c. 1600 BCE, National Archaeological Museum , Athens
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found in grave circle A, lions attacking a hunter, minoan in style but there were no lions at this date
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Megaron, Palace of Nestor, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN stone ; plaster, Pylos, Greece
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unique architecture, -Throne Room -Axial Orientation -Central Hearth -Throne
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Xeste 3, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN, wall-painting, Akrotiri, Thera
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"a seated goddess", saffron gatherers, Crocus / Saffron Gathering - Seasonal / Spice? - Offering? - Medicine? • Women of Varying Maturity - Puberty - Menstruation - Menopause
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Miniature Frieze, West House, BRONZE AGE AEGEAN, wall-painting, Thera
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sea peoples... move into iron age
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Lion Hunt, NW Palace, IRON AGE NEAR EASTERN, from Nimrod, Iraq, (British Museum)
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militaristic
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Ishtar Gate from Babylon, IRON AGE NEAR EASTERN, glazed brick and tile, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
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known for beautiful blue, amazing use of ceramic tiles. lions, babylonians...militaristic...ishtar gate, sacred animals, - Goddess of Love / War / Art ; Music - Main Entrance to Babylon - Glazed Brick ; Tile
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Ajax committing suicide, Black Figure, Geometric Orientalizing, Bologne
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Movement of creating more emotion from the audience. (the moment before something is about to happen)...starts of with simple object like he geometric vase (they are recovering), black figure wear, ajax committing suicide...pathos...simpler compositions, single or two figures...psychological sensitivity...what is greek identity??—more naturalism
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Tomb of the Leopards, Etruscan, Italy
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beautiful tombs paintings
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Parthenon, Classical, Athens, Greece
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parthenon is the masterpiece of greek architecture...symmetric ideal greek temple
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Polykleitos Doryphoros, classical, Naples Museum
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detail, blood rushing to hand, marble (weight shift)
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Weary Herakles, Late classical, Naples Museum
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stoic emotion, but very realistic features, weight shift
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Temple of Fortuna Virilis, Hellenistic, Rome
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Severe, Classical ; Hellenistic Periods
