question

Progressive movement

answer

Developed the Progressive Party, the popular name of the "People's Party," formed in the 1890's as a coalition of Midwest farm groups, socialists, and labor organizations, such as the American Federation of Labor. It attacked monopolies, and wanted other reforms, such as bimetallism, transportation regulation, the 8-hour work day, and income tax.

question

Pragmatism

answer

A philosophy which focuses only on the outcomes and effects of processes and situations.

question

William James

answer

Psychologist who laid groundwork for most Progressive thought in his seminal book, Principles of Psychology. Argued humans could control own evolution. Philosophy of pragmatism.

question

John Dewey

answer

Philosopher-educator; Rejected tradition of rote memorization; Emphasized creative, flexible education that enabled students to acquire practical knowledge.

question

Frederick W. Taylor

answer

Pioneered scientific management by doing time-motion studies on worker's operations. Determined the simplest, cheapest way of performing each job.

question

Scientific management

answer

Subdivided manufacturing into small tasks, thus imposing a new level of regimentation on factory life; Resulted in standardization of work procedures.

question

Muckrakers

answer

Name given by Theodore Roosevelt to journalists who combined factual reporting with heavy moralizing to expose dishonesty, greed and corruption in America and to arouse the indignation of middle-class readers.

question

Henry Demarest Lloyd

answer

Chicago lawyer, journalist, author. A critic of trusts, complaining they destroyed competition, undermined free enterprise, and stifled individual opportunity.

question

Standard Oil Company

answer

Owned by John D. Rockefeller and one of the country's largest corp's. A trust busted by T. Roosevelt with Sherman anti-trust act Standard Oil became many smaller companies like Chevron and Texaco.

question

Lincoln Steffans

answer

An American journalist and one of the most famous and influential practitioners of the journalistic style called muckraking. He is also known for his 1921 statement, upon his return from the Soviet Union: "I have been over into the future, and it works." (Often misquoted as "I have seen the future, and it works.")

question

Ida Tarbell

answer

A leading female muckraker who wrote the History of the Standard Oil Company this book exposed the monopolistic practices of the company. Strengthened the argument to end monopolies.

question

Jacob Rills

answer

Danish-American muckraker journalist,pioneer investigative journalist, went under cover in meat packing factory. wrote books, friend with theo roosevelt; worked to improve life of urban poor

question

Theodore Dreiser

answer

American naturalist author known for dealing with the gritty reality of life; wrote novel sister carrie.

question

Australian ballot

answer

Originated in australia in 1850s; voting method in which voter's choices are confidential. stops attempts to influence the voter by intimidation or bribery, acheives goala of political privacy

question

Direct primary

answer

A preliminary election in which a party's candidates for public office are nominated by direct vote of the people.

question

Robert La Folette

answer

Wisconsin senator and governor who several times unsuccessfully sought the Republican and Progressive Party presidential nominations; also, one of the founders of the National Progressive Republican League.

question

direct election of senators; Seventeenth Amendment

answer

Since April 8, 1913, the passage of the 17th amendment, senators have been elected to their posts directly by thier constituents and not by the Lower house of Representatives.

question

Initiative; Referendum; Recall

answer

A system of direct legislation by the people. Approved in 1902, it allows the citizenry of Oregon to propose new laws or change the State Constitution through a general election ballot measure. To place an initiative on the ballot, supporters must obtain a specified number of signatures from registered voters. The number required is determined by a fixed percentage of the votes cast for all candidates for governor at the general election preceding the filing of the petition.

question

Social welfare

answer

Refers to any government program which seeks to provide a minimum level of income, service or other support for disadvantaged groups such as the poor, elderly, disabled and students. Social welfare payments and services are typically provided free of charge or at a nominal fee, and are funded by the state, or by compulsory enrollment of the poor themselves.

question

Municipal reform

answer

Changes in city governments made to encourage greater efficiency, honesty, and responsiveness residents, particularly middle-class businessmen, organized against the corruption and inefficiency that they thought plagued their cities. This movement was particularly strong in cities controlled by political machines, the undemocratic and corrupt arrangements through which bosses could profit by controlling city governments.. The greatest era of municipal reform came in the late 1800s and early 1900s. City

question

Samuel Milton Jones

answer

a.k.a. "Golden Rule Jones", lived from 1846 to 1904 and served as a Progressive Era Mayor of Toledo, Ohio from 1897 to 1904, passing away while still in office. Jones was originally a businessman. In 1894, he began the Acme Sucker Rod Company. He announced that the one company rule was the Golden Rule. He set up a Golden Rule Hall, a Golden Rule Dining Room, Golden Rule Park, even a Golden Rule Band. He was often mistaken as a socialist, although he was not.

question

Tom L. Johnson

answer

Democrat; he headed relief efforts after the Johnstown, Pennsylvania floods of 1889, was a US Representative and the 35th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio. In 1903, he was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Ohio. He invented a pay-box for trolleys and became wealthy from licensing the patent. He began investing in street railways in Indianapolis, Cleveland, and Detroit.

question

Charles Evans Hughes

answer

Governor of NY. In 1908 he was offered the vice-presidential nomination by Taft, but declined it to run again for Governor. As Chief Justice, he led the fight against FDR attempt to pack the Supreme Court.

question

Hiram Johnson

answer

His role as attorney in the successful prosecution of Abe Ruef, political boss of San Francisco, led to his election (1910) as governor of California. Johnson broke the political tion of the Southern Pacific RR in California and secured the enactment of much reform legislation. A founder of the Progressive party, he was Theodore Roosevelt's running mate on the unsuccessful Progressive ticket of 1912; Johnson had been a stubborn opponent of the League of Nations, and he remained one of the most consistent of the isolationists in Congress.

question

Theodore Roosevelt; Square Deal

answer

The term used by President Theodore Roosevelt and his associates for the domestic policies of his administration, particularly with regard to economic policies, such as antitrust enforcement. The term is a general reference to the concept of a square deal being an agreement that is made fairly between businesses and the consumers and workers.

question

Anthracite coal miner's strike (1902)

answer

Demanding union recognition, a nine-hour day, and wage increase. In the face of a threatened coal shortage, Roosevelt intervened and threatened to work the mines with federal troops, whereupon the owners accepted his suggestion of a commission to investigate. The miners returned to work, but when the commission made its award, union recognition was withheld. Not until 1916 did the miners receive union recognition, with an eight-hour day. Still, for the first time the federal government had intervened in a labor-management dispute without automatically opposing the claims of organized labor.

question

Trust-Busting

answer

Dissolving business trusts especially through vigorous application of antitrust regulations.

question

Elkins Act (1903)

answer

This strengthened earlier federal legislation that outlawed preferential pricing through rebates. Rebates are returns of parts of the amount paid for goods or services, serving as a reduction or discount. This act also prohibited railroads from transporting goods they owned. As a dodge around previous legislation, railroads were buying goods and transporting them as if they were their own.

question

Hepburn Act (1906)

answer

It imposed stricter control over railroads and expanded powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission, including giving the ICC the power to set maximum rates.

question

Upton Sinclair; The Jungle

answer

United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968); Jungle is a major critique of capitalism and an important example of the "muckraking" tradition begun by journalists such as Jacob Riis. The book's underlying message is that socialism is the only effective tool with which to fight unfettered capitalism and the only true remedy available to America's poor masses

question

Pure Food and Act (1906)

answer

Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or erated food or, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of in order to abolish the "patent" trade; Still in existence as the FDA.

question

Meat Inspection Act of 1906

answer

A United States federal law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption. Unlike previous laws ordering meat inspections which were enforced to assure European nations from banning pork trade, the law was strongly motivated to protect the American diet. All labels on any type of food had to be 100 percent accurate. Although all harmful food wasn't banned, there were still warnings provided on the container. The law was partly a response to the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, an expose of the Chicago meat packing industry, as well as to other Progressive Era muckraking publications of the day.

question

Conservation movement

answer

A political and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future. The early conservation movement included fisheries and wildlife management, water, soil conservation and sustainable forestry.

question

Newlands Reclamation Act 1902

answer

A United States federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of the American West. It was authored by Representative Francis G. Newlands of Nevada.

question

Gifford Bryce Pinchot

answer

(August 11, 1865 - October 4, 1946) was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905-1910) and the Republican Governor of Pennsylvania

question

William Howard Taft

answer

The 27th President of the United States, the 10th Chief Justice of the United States, a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the Republican Party in the early 20th century, a chaired professor at Yale Law School, a pioneer in international arbitration, and a staunch advocate of world peace that verged on pacifism

question

Mann-Elkins Act of 1910

answer

A United States federal law that is considered to be among the Progressive reforms. The act extended the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission to include communications. Supported by President William Howard Taft, it also made the long-short haul clause of the original act more effective, i.e., it strengthened government regulation of the railroads. It was passed by the Senate with a vote of 50-12. Not to be confused with the Elkins Act of 1903.

question

Federal income tax; Sixteenth Amendment

answer

Authorized income taxes in their present form, ratified on February 3, 1913. The amendment states that the Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

question

Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)

answer

The bill originally entered the senate with the intention of lowering tariffs, but during the debate, President Taft, fearing a split in the Republican Party, sided with conservatives on the bill, which actually ended up raising tariffs. The incident lost Taft the support of the Progressive Republicans, creating a rift in the party and allowing the Democrats to take the election of 1912.

question

Joseph Cannon

answer

Speaker of the House during Taft's presidency, he often contested Taft's attempts at reform. Taft's refusal to overcome Cannon's opposition also led the Progressives to lose faith in him. Historians generally consider him to be the most dominant Speaker in United States history, with such control over the House that he could often control debate. Cannon is the second longest-serving Republican Speaker in history,

question

Socialist Party of America

answer

A socialist political party in the United States. It was formed in 1901 by a merger between the Social Democratic Party, and a wing of the older Socialist Labor Party of America. It flourished in numerous ethnic enclaves 1904-1912, with Eugene Debs as presidential candidate. It splintered over support for World War I, and was a minor political movement after 1920, often nominating Norman Thomas for president.

question

New Nationalism

answer

Teddy Roosevelt's Progressive political stance during the 1912 election, which promoted a centralized federal government that could regulate the economy in order to provide social equality. He supported child labor laws, a minimum wage, and regulation of corporations. It stood in contrast to Wilson's "New Freedom" policy, which supported a less powerful federal government.

question

New Freedom

answer

Policy of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson that promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.

question

Bull Moose Party

answer

When Teddy Roosevelt lost the Republican nomination to Taft in 1912, he ran as a third party candidate of the Progressive Party. During his acceptance speech, he said he felt "as strong as a bull moose." This split in the Republican Party candidates allowed Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win the election.

question

Underwood Tariff

answer

Law passed by Congress in 1913 that substantially reduced tariffs and made up for the lost revenue by providing for a small graduated income tax.

question

Federal Reserve Board

answer

A U.S. federal banking system that is under the control of a central board of governors (Federal Reserve Board) with a central bank (Federal Reserve Bank) in each of 12 districts and that has wide powers in controlling credit and the flow of money as well as in performing other functions, as regulating and supervising its member banks.

question

Urban migration

answer

The migration of a country's population from primarily rural to urban in search of better jobs and living conditions.

question

Booker T. Washington

answer

United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915)

question

W.E.B. Du Bois

answer

Souls of Black Folk; attacked Atlanta Compromise's accommodations philosophy of Booker T. Washington; "Talented Tenth"; organized National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

question

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

answer

Founded in 1909 to improve living conditions for inner city Blacks, evolved into a national organization dedicated to establishing equal legal rights for Blacks.

question

National Urban League

answer

Voluntary nonpartisan community service agency, founded in 1910, whose goal is to help end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States, especially toward African Americans, and to help economically and socially disadvantaged groups to share equally in every aspect of American life. It provides direct service in the areas of employment, housing, education, social welfare, health, family planning, mental retardation, law and consumer affairs, youth and student affairs, labor affairs, veteran's affairs, and community and minority business development.

question

Carrie Chapman Catt

answer

(1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance; Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.

question

National American Women's Suffrage Association

answer

Formed in 1890 and united 2 major women's suffrage groups at that time discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood

question

Alice Paul

answer

A suffragette who believed that giving women the right to vote would eliminate the corruption in politics

question

National Women's Party

answer

A women's organization founded in 1913 that fought for women's rights during the early 20th century in the United States, particularly for the right to vote on the same terms as men and against employment discrimination. In contrast to other organizations, the NWP put its priority on the passage of a constitutional amendment ensuring women's suffrage.

question

Nineteenth Amendment

answer

Prohibits both the federal government and the states from using a person's sex as a qualification to vote; it was specifically intended to extend suffrage to women.

question

League of Women Voters

answer

A nonpartisan political organization, developed in 1920 to improve our systems of government and impact public policies through citizen education and advocacy. Its basic purpose is to make democracy work for all citizens.

APUSH VOC:21 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards