APUSH Unit 7 – Flashcards
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Describe the debate over the 13th/14th/15th Amendments with respect to African-American citizenship and voting rights, and who supported them.
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The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, known collectively as the Civil War Amendments, were designed to ensure equality for recently emancipated slaves.
The 13th Amendment banned slavery and all involuntary servitude, except in the case of punishment for a crime.
The 14th amendment banned slavery, except in the case of punishment for a crime.
The 15th Amendment prohibits government from denying U.S. citizens the right to vote based on race color, or past servitude.
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What was sharecropping?
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System of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, but the number of crops the farmer wanted usually ended up with them in debt to the landowner.
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Why was Andrew Johnson impeached and what was the result of his trial?
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President Johnson was impeached because he fired an official who was protected under the Tenure of office Act and because the house felt he had brought the office of president into disgrace. He was spared removal from office by one vote.
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What happened to most African-American civil and political rights in the South after reconstruction ended?
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Most blacks lived in poverty, and they were still treated unequal to whites, regardless of the new amendments.
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Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877?
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The Republican and Democrat parties ended Reconstruction in a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election
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The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to
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place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to black people
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During Reconstruction, Southern blacks typically did which of the following?
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Tilled farms as renters and sharecroppers
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In adopting the 14th Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with
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protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves
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The technical reason for which Congress impeached Andrew Johnson was
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his violation of the Tenure of Office Act
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The Compromise of 1877 resulted in
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the withdrawal of federal troops from the South
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In the late 19th century, state governments in the South were largely successful in restricting
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African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the 15th Amendment
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The Exodusters were
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blacks who migrated to Kansas
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The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following?
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Allowed states to continue segregating railroad facilities
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All of the following elements of the Radical Republican program were passed by Congress and took effect during Reconstruction EXCEPT
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provision of 40 acres for each freedman
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Which of the following statements is true of sharecropping?
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Sharecroppers were little better off than slaves
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13th Amendment: purpose
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ended slavery
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14th Amendment: purpose
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guaranteed citizenship and citizenship rights for former slaves
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15th Amendment: purpose
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gave voting rights to former slaves, universal male suffrage
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Tenure of Office Act: purpose
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prevented the president from firing cabinet members without Congress' approval
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Wade-Davis Act: purpose
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would have required southern states to have half of its white male citizens profess loyalty to the US
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Wounded Knee
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final battle of the Indian Wars, in which the US Army opened fire on Native Americans in 1890
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Little Bighorn
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Native American ambush of General Custer's settlement, killing all of the American soldiers
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Nez Perce
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A tribe's attempt to flee the US Army, but they are caught a few miles away from the Canadian border. "I will fight no more, forever."
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Dawes Act
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Attempted to "Americanize" Natives by giving them land and promises of money.
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The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to
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assimilate Native Americans into the mainstream of American culture
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All of the following were used as a means of denying African-Americans the right to vote in the post-Reconstruction South EXCEPT
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the separate but equal clause
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After the Civil War, some businesspeople and newspaper editors promoted the idea of a New South. What was their vision?
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A mixed economy no longer primarily dependent on cash crops
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All of the following were true of the late-1800s Plains Indian experience EXCEPT
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an acceptance of a new life based on farming
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Pacific Railway Act
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Connected California with the rest of the Union by publicly funding a transportation network
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Homestead Act
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Gave away 160 acres of land to any citizen who promised to live on it for 5 years
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Morrill Land Grant Act
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Provided for each state to develop a college that teaches agriculture
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Newlands Act
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called for irrigation systems to encourage settlement and farming in the Plains states
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Tenure of Office Act
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intended to restrict the power of the President of the United States to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate
