APUSH Period 6: 1865-1898 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Social Darwinism
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survival of the fittest
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John D. Rockefeller
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master of "horizontal integration," and a giant among bankers. simply allied with competitors to monopolize a given market. He used this method to form Standard Oil and control the oil industry by forcing weaker competitors to go bankrupt.
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Andrew Carnegie
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used a method called "vertical integration," which meant that he controlled ALL aspects of an industry (in his case, he mined the iron, transported it, refined it, and turned it into steel, controlling all parts of the process.)
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horizontal integration
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allied with competitors to monopolize a given market
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vertical integration
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controlled ALL aspects of an industry
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Captain of Industry
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philanthropists, gave money to the poor/needy.
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Knights of Labor
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They wanted unskilled workers and won the strike for 8-hour work days. This organization declined after the Haymarket Square Riot.
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Haymarket Square Riot
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During this riot, one of the strikers threw a bomb at the police killing eight men. In the aftermath of the Haymarket Square Riot and subsequent trial and executions, public opinion was divided. For some people, the events led to a heightened anti-labor sentiment, while others (including labor organizers around the world) believed the men had been convicted unfairly and viewed them as martyrs.
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Homestead Strike
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the "scabs" came and broke the strike up
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Pullman Strike
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strikers began holding up U.S. Mail, the government officials files an injunction and Eugene Debs is arrested.
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American Federation of Labor
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They wanted skilled workers. This organization rose after the Haymarket Square Riot.
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Grange
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SOCIAL group for farm families. They would get together and discuss their problems about government support of railroads. They wanted states to regulate railroad rates. Victory for Grange: Munn v. Illinois; court ruled that government could regulate businesses that serve public interest; paved way for tiger limits on big business
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People's (Populist) Party
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The Party called upon the federal government to buffer economic depressions, regulate banks and corporations, and help farmers who were suffering hard times. REMEMBER FREE SILVER POLICY
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Omaha Platform
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called for an increase in money supply, a graduated income tax and federal loans, direct election of US senators by popular vote, single terms for president and vice president and the secret ballot, and they wanted an eight hour work day and restrictions on immigration. (immigrants were taking all of the jobs)
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William Jennings Bryan
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Bryan wanted the United States to use silver to back the dollar at a value that would inflate the prices farmers received for their crops, easing their debt burden. This position was known as the Free Silver Movement.
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New Immigrants
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from Southern and Eastern Europe; didn't fit in and created ethnic enclaves like Little Italy and China Town.
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Jane Addams
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created Hull House
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Florence Kelly
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wanted to end child labor
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Dawes Severalty Act
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it dissolved tribes as legal entities and forced tribes to assimilate into american culture, it destroyed Native Americans' identities.
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Massacre/Battle at Wounded Knee
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soldiers were trying to stop the Native Americans from doing the Ghost Dance.
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Patronage (Spoils System)
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began dispensing jobs to new immigrants in exchange for votes
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Tweed Ring
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employed bribery, graft, and fake elections to cheat the city of as much as $200 million.
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Mugwumps
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voted for either republican or democrat
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Pendleton Act
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ended party patronage; stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit. The act provided selection of government employees competitive exams, rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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excluded immigrants from entering the U.S.
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American Protective Association
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It was a secret society that played upon the fears of rural Americans about the growth and political power of immigrant-populated cities.
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Jim Crow Laws
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statues enacted by Southern states and municipalities that legalized segregation between blacks and whites.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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"separate but equal" allowed states to create laws
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Gospel of Wealth
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an article written by Andrew Carnegie that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. (rich should give money to poor)
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Social Gospel
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Christians were addressing the social problems such as poverty, slums, poor nutrition and education, alcoholism, crime, and war.
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Booker T. Washington
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Made the Atlanta Compromise; he didn't want to demand for Civil Rights NOW, he wanted african americans to request peaceful coexistence and wanted to gradually move up to economic scale and gain prosperity.
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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pushed for Civil Rights NOW
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Ida Wells-Barnett
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wrote a pamphlet to end lynchings
