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Edward Kennedy

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younger brother of JFK who challenged and lost to Jimmy Carter in the Democratic primary of 1980

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Ronald Reagan

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president, 1981-1989, who led a conservative movement against détente with the Soviet Union and the growth of the federal government; some people credit him with America's victory in the Cold War while others fault his insensitive social agenda and irresponsible fiscal policies

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James Watt

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Secretary of the Interior under Reagan (1980)

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John Anderson

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ran against ronald reagan and jimmy carter on the independent ticket, tallying 7 percent of the popular vote and not a single electoral vote

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Anwar Sadat

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Former President of Egypt (1st Arab leader to recognize and make peace with Israel) He was assassinated Oct. 6 1981 for making peace with Israel

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Walter Mondale

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He was the vice president of Carter and when he won the democratic nomination he was defeated by a landslide by Reagan. He was the first presidential candidate to have a woman vice president, Geraldine Ferraro.

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Gary Hart

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The fore-runner for the Democratic nomination in the election of 1988. He was forced to drop out of the race in May 1987 after charges of sexual misconduct.

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Jesse Jackson

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A black candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 1988 election who attempted to appeal to minorities, but eventually lost the nomination to Michael Dukakis

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Geraldine Ferrarro

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first woman nominated by a major political party to be vice president

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Sandra Day O'Connor

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first female Supreme Court justice

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"supply-side" economics

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An economic philosophy that holds that sharply cutting taxes will increase the incentive people have to work, save, and invest. Greater investments will lead to more jobs, a more productive economy, and more tax revenues for the government.

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reverse discrimination

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using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people

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Moral Majority

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"Born-Again" Christians become politically active. The majority of Americans are moral people, and therefore are a political force.

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Chappaquiddick

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part of Martha's Vineyard (an island off Cap Cod, Mass.), where Democratic politician Ted Kennedy had a car accident in 1969 that killed a young woman and marred his reputation

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Reaganomics

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policies combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side tax cuts, and domestic budget cutting; goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth

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solidarity

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Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe.

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Lech Walesa

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A Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. He co-founded Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995.

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Grenada invasion

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Ronald Reagan dispatched a heavy- fire- power invasion force to the island of Grenada, where a military coup had killed the prime minister and brought Marxists to power ----Americans captured the island quickly demonstrating Reagan's determination to assert the dominance of the US in the Carribbean

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yuppies

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Term for "young urban professionals" of the 1980s who flaunted their wealth through conspicuous consumer spending

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SDI

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Reagan's proposed Strategic Defense Initiative (1983), also known as "Star Wars," called for a land- or space-based shield against a nuclear attack. Although SDI was criticized as unfeasible and in violation of the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, Congress approved billions of dollars for development.

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Roe v. Wade

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(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

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Milliken v. Bradley

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1974 Supreme Court case that ruled that desegregation plans could not require students to move across school district lines

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"neoconservatives"

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Reagan drew upon this group of thinkers that championed free-market capitalism liberated from government restraints. Also questioned liberal welfare programs and affirmative-action policies

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Bakke v. Board of Regents

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Barred colleges from admitting students solely on the basis of race, but allowed them to include race along with other considerations when deciding which students to admit

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Jeanne Kirkpatrick

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US ambassador to the United Nations that said because of its involvement with the Soviet Union, Cuba was the most important place in the world for the US

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Iran-Contra scandal

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Although Congress had prohibited aid to the Nicaraguan contras, individuals in Reagan's administration continued to illegally support the rebels by selling arms to Iran. These officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in the Middle East. Profits from these sales were then sent to the contras.

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glasnost

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Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union.

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perestroika

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a policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society

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"Teflon president"

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term given to Reagan because of his ability to avoid blame even when things went wrong

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"sagebrush rebellion"

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1970's mobolized conservative opposition to envirmental laws and restrictions; members complained about the land the federal government owned in many western states.

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"morning in America"

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1984 election; Reagan's effective political campaign television commercial formally titled "Prouder, Stronger, Better"

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"social engineering"

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using one's social skills to trick people into revealing access credentials or other information valuable to the attacker

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"ABC movement"

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This came up during the next election and how no one wanted Carter in office any longer, the movement means, "Anybody But Carter" in office.

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Proposition 13

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the tax revolt led by the new right had its first public beginnings in 1978, when Howard Jarvis, a conservative activist in California, launched the first successful major citizens' tax revolt in California with this proposition, a referendum question on the state ballot rolling back property rates.

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"tight money" policies

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monetary policy resulting in higher interest rates and restricted access to credit; associated with a contraction of the money supply

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Reagan recession

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the slowed economy only lasted 10 months Supporters of Reagan said that it was because of the shift to a free market Critics said it occurred because of Reaganomics

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"window of vulnerability"

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The fact that, at certain times, people are more vulnerable to particular health problems. For example, early adolescence constitutes this for beginning smoking, drug use, and alcohol abuse.

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Lebanon

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In 1982, Israel invaded this country to stop attacks from Hamas

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Sandinistas

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Members of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The United States financed armed opposition by the Contras. The Sandinistas lost national elections in 1990

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El Salvador

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Three U.S. nuns found shot in El Salvador in December, 1980. President Carter had stopped aid to El Salvador's right-wing dictator, but President Reagan started it again.

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INF

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Intermediate Nuclear Force; both superpowers agreed to get rid of their stockpiles of missiles and allowed each other to inspect the other side to prevent cheating

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"evil empire"

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Ronald Reagan's description of Soviet Union because of his fierce anti-communist views and the USSR's history of violation of human rights and aggression

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Mikhail Gorbachev

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Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.

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"revenue hole"

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Reagan's idea during his terms in office. He wanted revenue hole of $200 billion per year, caused by the tax cuts and increased military spending.

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"welfare state"

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a government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc.

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Jerry Falwell

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Leader of the Religious Right Fundamentalist Christians, a group that supported Reagan; rallying cry was "family values", anti-abortion, favored prayer in schools

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"identity politics"

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political activity and ideas based on the shared experiences of an ethnic, religious, or social group emphasizing gaining power and benefits for the group rather than pursuing ideological or universal or even statewide goals

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Webster and Casey decisions

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...

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S&L failures

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loaning companies had to be bailed out by the government, thanks a lot reaganomics

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"Black Monday"

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The largest percentage drop in stock market history, occurred in October, 1987

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"rainbow coalition"

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Jesse Jackson's idea of forging an alliance between groups of minorities and the disadvantaged

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Michael Dukakis

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he was governor of Massachusetts & George Bush's democratic opponent in the election of 1988

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Tienanmen Square

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1989 - University students in China protested, wanting freedom of speech and a greater say in govt. China's leader ordered military to slaughter students

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Boris Yeltsin

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President of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR and force Gorbachev to resign.

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Commonwealth of Ind. States

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Russia, post-USSR

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START II

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signed by President Bush in accord with the Russian president (Boris Yeltsin) committing both powers to reduce their long range nuclear arsenals by 2/3 within ten years

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Nelson Mandela

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South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994

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Manuel Noriega

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leader of Panama, tried on drug trafficking racketeering and money laundering

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Operation Desert Storm

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the United States and its allies defeated Iraq in a ground war that lasted 100 hours (1991

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Norman Schwarzkopf

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led operation "Desert Storm"

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ADA

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Americans with Disabilities Act

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Clarence Thomas

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2nd African American supreme court justice; controversy over his placing on the bench

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Anita Hill

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Former associate of Clarence Thomas, who accused him of sexual harassment in Senate Judiciary Committee hearings

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"gender gap"

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Difference in political views between men and women

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Richard Hofstadter

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argued that Jacksonian democracy was not a rejection of capitalism, like Arthur M was saying, but instead the effort of aspiring entrepreneurs to secure laissez-faire policies that would serve their own interests against their monopolistic, eastern competitors

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George Will

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famous Conservative philosopher. Believed in moral symmetry "if we let them go unpunished, we will loose the worlds"

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Jesse Jackson

answer

ran under Democratic party ticket; "rainbow coalition" of minorities

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