APUSH Chapter 25 – Flashcards with Answers
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Which of the following established the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe? a. Eisenhower Doctrine b. Casablanca Conference c. Marshall Plan d. Yalta Agreement
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d. Yalta Agreement
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From the U.S. perspective, the Cold War was precipitated by a. Stalin's refusal to allow self-determination for the countries of Eastern Europe. b. the Soviet Union's explosion of an atomic bomb and later a hydrogen bomb. c. the Soviet Union's participation in the creation of the Warsaw Pact. d. Stalin's refusal to allow Eastern European countries to participate in the Marshall Plan.
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a. Stalin's refusal to allow self-determination for the countries of Eastern Europe.
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Which of the following occurred at the Potsdam Conference in 1945? a. Stalin demanded that the United States share the secrets of the atomic bomb. b. The Allies failed to reach agreement over the postwar occupation of Germany. c. Inexperienced in world affairs, Truman used "tough" methods with the Soviets. d. Truman conceded the Soviet Union's right to impose a procommunist government on Poland.
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c. Inexperienced in world affairs, Truman used "tough" methods with the Soviets.
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When the United Nations first convened on April 25, 1945, it consisted of a. a single assembly. b. a small board of delegates from the United States and the Soviet Union. c. separate assemblies for Eastern and Western Europe. d. the General Assembly and Security Council.
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d. the General Assembly and Security Council.
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The creator of containment, who enumerated his fears in the Long Telegram in 1946, was a. George Kennan. b. George Marshall. c. Harry Truman. d. James Byrnes.
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a. George Kennan.
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What accounted for the decline of Britain's influence and power in the years immediately following World War II? a. It had tremendous budget deficits and a collapsing domestic economy. b. British society was seriously divided over the nation's international role. c. The country expended too much effort on the containment of communism in Europe. d. The United States no longer trusted British leadership in world affairs.
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a. It had tremendous budget deficits and a collapsing domestic economy.
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The Truman Doctrine was implemented in response to communist threats in a. Egypt and Israel. b. Palestine and Jordan. c. Greece and Turkey. d. East Germany and Poland.
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c. Greece and Turkey.
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To forestall economic difficulties, which could foster the rise of communism throughout Europe, the United States gave nearly $13 billion to a European recovery program called the a. Berlin Airlift. b. Marshall Plan. c. Truman Doctrine. d. NATO Alliance.
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b. Marshall Plan.
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During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the United States and the USSR came closest to war over a. the Soviet blockade of West Berlin. b. Soviet arm shipments to North Korea during the Korean War. c. Soviet refusal to allow Eastern European countries to participate in the Marshall Plan. d. Soviet aid to communist movements in Greece and Turkey.
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a. the Soviet blockade of West Berlin.
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Which of the following describes the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949? a. It was the first American peacetime military alliance since 1783. b. The United States funded the militaries of all of the participating countries. c. NATO explicitly and permanently excluded the Federal Republic of Germany. d. The alliance was formed in order to impose a blockade on Berlin.
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a. It was the first American peacetime military alliance since 1783.
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The National Security Council's report known as NSC-68 proposed that a. the United States must significantly increase its defense spending. b. good relations with the Soviet Union were imperative. c. critics had exaggerated the strength of the Soviet military. d. a dangerous arms race would follow the development of the hydrogen bomb.
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a. the United States must significantly increase its defense spending.
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Which of the following Axis nations did the United States help rebuild economically after World War II to make it a bulwark against communism during the Cold War? a. Bulgaria b. East Germany c. Austria d. Japan
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d. Japan
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Which of the following occurred after the Chinese Communists defeated the Nationalists in 1949? a. The United States recognized the new government of China. b. Truman and his aides supported China's admission to the UN. c. Conservative critics accused the State Department of losing China. d. Americans refused to recognize the exile Nationalist government established in Taiwan.
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c. Conservative critics accused the State Department of losing China.
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What was President Truman's response to the invasion of South Korea in 1950? a. He asked the UN Security Council to authorize a "police action." b. Truman asked Congress for a declaration of war and they complied. c. He decided to pursue a policy of watchful waiting before committing troops. d. Truman appealed to Congress to send aid to the anticommunist Koreans.
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a. He asked the UN Security Council to authorize a "police action."
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President Truman relieved General MacArthur of his Korean command because MacArthur a. refused to launch a surprise amphibious invasion behind North Korean lines. b. ordered his troops to cross the 38th parallel and proceed to the Chinese border. c. publicly called the conflict "the wrong war, at the wrong place . . . with the wrong enemy." d. sent American bombers on an unauthorized raid on mainland China.
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b. ordered his troops to cross the 38th parallel and proceed to the Chinese border.
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What was the outcome of the Korean War? a. The United States radically reduced its involvement in Asian affairs. b. Korea remained divided at the 38th parallel. c. An intense antiwar movement developed in the United States. d. Civilian control of the American armed forces seriously eroded.
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b. Korea remained divided at the 38th parallel.
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Which of the following was a long-term consequence of the Korean War? a. The war ended the American military-industrial complex. b. It established a precedent of avoiding atomic weapons in future Cold War conflicts. c. The war convinced Americans of the futility of fighting Asian wars. d. It established the law that the president was the commander-in-chief.
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b. It established a precedent of avoiding atomic weapons in future Cold War conflicts.
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In the Munich Analogy, Americans justified containment by applying the lessons learned from a. the division of Germany. b. the founding of the United Nations. c. appeasing Hitler. d. the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
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c. appeasing Hitler.
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Harry Truman's historical reputation is based on his work as a(n) a. New Dealer. b. Cold Warrior. c. challenger of the labor movement. d. opponent of the civil rights agenda.
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b. Cold Warrior.
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Which of the following occurred as a reaction to the massive wave of strikes that shook the United States in 1946? a. Congress abolished the Office of Price Administration. b. Truman passed the Employment Act of 1946. c. Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act over Truman's veto. d. The U.S. government abandoned its Keynesian economic policies.
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c. Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act over Truman's veto.
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What event led southern Democrats to bolt from the Democratic Party in 1948? a. Truman tried to extend labor unions into the southern textile industry. b. Hubert Humphrey put a strong civil rights agenda on the party's platform. c. They followed former vice president Henry Wallace into his new Progressive Party. d. Republican Thomas Dewey offered a platform they found much more attractive.
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b. Hubert Humphrey put a strong civil rights agenda on the party's platform.
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Which of the following policies would the Dixiecrats have opposed? a. Desegregating the armed forces b. Government efforts to spur economic growth c. Deficit spending to aid education d. A federally mandated increase in the minimum wage
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a. Desegregating the armed forces
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Which of the following statements characterizes the presidential election of 1948? a. Truman owed his victory to the large African American voter turnout in the South. b. The left and right wing of the Democratic Party split off and nominated separate candidates. c. Thomas Dewey's defeat stemmed from the nomination of Strom Thurmond as his running mate. d. The Republican Congress effectively tarnished Truman's reputation, leading to his defeat.
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b. The left and right wing of the Democratic Party split off and nominated separate candidates.
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Truman's domestic program during his second term in office was known as the a. New Deal. b. New Frontier. c. Square Deal. d. Fair Deal.
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d. Fair Deal.
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Why did the American Medical Association oppose Truman's proposal for national health insurance in 1949? a. They considered it a corporate sellout. b. They denounced it as socialized medicine. c. The organization claimed it was insufficient. d. The group feared for the future of Medicare.
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b. They denounced it as socialized medicine.
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Which of the following parts of Truman's domestic agenda actually earned congressional approval in 1949? a. National health insurance b. An extension of the Social Security program c. Agricultural reforms d. Guaranteed employment for all Americans
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b. An extension of the Social Security program
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Which of the following describes life in the United States during the Cold War? a. Fearful of powerful government, the public insisted on decreasing the power of the president. b. Tension over communism abroad fostered a period of domestic repression and fear at home. c. Intent on protecting itself from communism, the United States banned covert operations abroad. d. Fearing creeping socialism, Congress cut back on Social Security and unemployment insurance.
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b. Tension over communism abroad fostered a period of domestic repression and fear at home.
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In 1947, the Truman administration reacted to the growing anticommunist fervor in the country by a. denouncing it as a Republican-inspired witch hunt against liberals and New Dealers. b. ordering the FBI to conduct major investigations of all congressional Republicans. c. issuing an executive order to investigate all federal employees' loyalty. d. doing nothing, trusting that the issue was a Republican ploy that would soon go away.
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c. issuing an executive order to investigate all federal employees' loyalty.
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In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) a. investigated Joseph McCarthy and other extreme anticommunists' abuses of power. b. stood in contrast to McCarthy due to its careful investigations of alleged subversive activities. c. targeted the film industry as part of its larger anticommunist agenda. d. confined itself to investigating anti-American propaganda and sentiment abroad.
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c. targeted the film industry as part of its larger anticommunist agenda.
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Which of the following issues was directly associated with McCarthyism? a. Campaign finance reform b. Allegations of communism c. The Fair Deal d. Modern Republicanism
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b. Allegations of communism
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Senator Joseph McCarthy's investigation committee lost all credibility when it attacked a. the U.S. Army. b. the State Department. c. Hollywood. d. the FBI.
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a. the U.S. Army.
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Which of the following statements describes modern Republicanism? a. President Eisenhower rejected it as the repudiation of Abraham Lincoln's legacy. b. George Kennan called it a critical aspect of containment policy. c. It called for a drastic reduction in the size and activities of the federal government. d. The philosophy emphasized moderating rather than dismantling the New Deal state.
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d. The philosophy emphasized moderating rather than dismantling the New Deal state.
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Who was the leader of the liberal wing of the Republican Party in the 1950s? a. Dwight Eisenhower b. Robert Taft c. Barry Goldwater d. Nelson Rockefeller
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d. Nelson Rockefeller
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What was the distinguishing characteristic of President Eisenhower's "New Look" in foreign policy in the 1950s? a. A conventional army three times the size of the Soviet army b. Increased hydrogen bomb production and long-range bombing strength c. The dismantling of Truman's containment policies d. A commitment to raise arms against all nations unfriendly to western capitalism
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b. Increased hydrogen bomb production and long-range bombing strength
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What factor served as the basis for the United States' determination of whether it would support or oppose a country and its government during the 1950s? a. The country's stance on communism b. Its geographic location c. Its level of democratic participation d. A country's adherence to UN human rights standards
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a. The country's stance on communism
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During the Eisenhower administration, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) helped overthrow the government of a. Cuba. b. Indonesia. c. Albania. d. Iran.
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d. Iran.
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Why did the United States refuse to support Ho Chi Minh, the leader of North Vietnam, during the late 1950s? a. He treated the North Vietnamese cruelly. b. He sympathized with the Japanese occupiers. c. He was a communist. d. He had taken control by force.
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c. He was a communist.
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Which provision of the Geneva Accords was never realized? a. Free elections for a united Vietnam in 1956 b. French withdrawal of troops from the north in Vietnam c. Partitioning of Vietnam d. Establishment of a demarcation line at the seventeenth parallel
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a. Free elections for a united Vietnam in 1956
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Which of the following statements characterizes the events surrounding the Suez crisis? a. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal and later built the Aswan Dam with Soviet assistance. b. The United States supported the attack on Egypt carried out by Israel, Great Britain, and France after the Egyptian government nationalized the Suez Canal. c. Soviet influence in the Third World declined because it became apparent that the Soviet Union could not defend its allies. d. With the West's attention focused on the Suez Canal, the Soviet Union took advantage of the situation to seize control of Afghanistan.
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a. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal and later built the Aswan Dam with Soviet assistance.
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President Eisenhower authorized CIA agents to undermine Mohammad Mossadegh's political power to a. protect Western oil interests. b. apply the domino theory to the Middle East. c. inhibit the growth of radical Islam. d. hinder an alliance between Iranian and Vietnamese communists.
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a. protect Western oil interests.
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The Eisenhower Doctrine was issued in response to difficulties in a. Southeast Asia. b. Hungary. c. the Middle East. d. Czechoslovakia.
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c. the Middle East.
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Which of the following statements describes the presidential election of 1960? a. Kennedy won a decisive victory over Richard Nixon. b. The New Deal Democratic coalition failed because southern whites voted Republican. c. Kennedy won by a very slim margin of just a few thousand votes. d. Richard Nixon's popularity was due to his impressive performance on television.
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c. Kennedy won by a very slim margin of just a few thousand votes.
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Which of the following events was a major foreign policy blunder during the Kennedy administration? a. Cuban missile crisis b. Building of the Berlin Wall c. Bay of Pigs d. Alliance for Progress
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c. Bay of Pigs
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Which of the following occurred during the Cuban missile crisis? a. President Kennedy worked quietly through diplomatic channels to resolve the problem. b. Khrushchev used television to alert the world to the crisis. c. The United States and the Soviet Union came closer to nuclear war than at any other time. d. Khrushchev ordered a quarantine of American shipping headed for Cuba.
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c. The United States and the Soviet Union came closer to nuclear war than at any other time.
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Which 1962 event prompted a slight thaw in U.S.-Soviet relations? a. The Cuban missile crisis b. The construction of the Berlin Wall c. Kennedy's inauguration of the Peace Corps d. A successful democratic revolution in Hungary
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a. The Cuban missile crisis
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In 1962, John F. Kennedy secured funding for a nonmilitary initiative to advance the Cold War agenda known as a. the United Nations Children's Fund. b. Students for a Democratic Society. c. the Marshall Plan. d. the Peace Corps.
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d. the Peace Corps.
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Early opposition to Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam came in part from a. South Vietnamese Catholics. b. South Vietnamese Buddhists. c. President Eisenhower. d. President Johnson.
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b. South Vietnamese Buddhists.
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John F. Kennedy's policy toward South Vietnam included a. increasing the number of American troops on the ground to 16,000 by 1963. b. secretly bombing the jungle trails of the Vietminh in Cambodia and Laos. c. encouraging the South Vietnamese government to adopt the "strategic hamlet" strategy. d. supporting a coup to oust Ngo Dinh Diem and install a pro-American government.
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a. increasing the number of American troops on the ground to 16,000 by 1963.
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The opponents of Diem's regime in South Vietnam created a new revolutionary movement in 1961 that was known as the a. Ho Chi Minh Brigade. b. Vietcong. c. Vietminh. d. Revolutionary Communist Party.
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b. Vietcong.
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Buddhists in Vietnam expressed their discontent with the Diem authoritarian regime in May 1963 by a. writing letters to President Kennedy appealing for U.S. intervention. b. petitioning the Diem regime directly with grievances. c. staging dramatic demonstrations, including self-immolations. d. publishing newspapers and fliers critical of the regime.
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c. staging dramatic demonstrations, including self-immolations.
