Apush Chapter 13 Terms – Flashcards
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Who were the four candidates in the Election of 1824 and what backgrounds did they have?
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John Quincy Adams: From Massachusetts, Highly intelligent, experienced, aloof. Henry Clay: From Kentucky, "the gamy and gallant "Harry of the West."'(American System) William H. Crawford: From Georgia, an able though "ailing giant of a man."(From the textbook) Andrew Jackson: From Tennessee, "The gaunt and gusty hero of New Orleans." War hero. Strongest personality appeal. All professed to be "Republicans."
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What was the "supposed" corrupt bargain?
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Sense Clay is the speaker of the House, he is influential enough to throw to the election of the candidate of his choice. He held common ground with Adams, they were both nationalists and supported the American System. So when the time of the election came about, they made a deal, basically stating that Clay would help Adams win the election, and Clay would become the new secretary of state.
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What was the significance of the corrupt bargain on American politics and history?
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The outcry over Adam's election showed change, because after this corrupt bargain it was now condemned as furtive, elitist, and subversive of democracy. Basically nothing like this would happen again.
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Identify two examples of how John Quincy Adams' honesty that did not endear him to the public or politicians.
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Urged Congress for the construction of roads and canals. Renewed the proposal of a national university - Reaction was that it was a waste of public funds. Attempted to deal fairly with the Indians. Commanding respect rather than courting popularity
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Who were the candidates, what were the parties, areas of support and political mudslinging that occurred in the Election of 1828? What regional power was increasing and was illustrated in this election?
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Andrew Jackson: Democratic-Republican, Support: "Bargain and Corruption," "Huzza for Jackson," All Hail the Old Hickory." Hero Mudslinging towards Adams: He was a corrupt aristocrat and argued that the people had been lied to during the corrupt bargain. That Adams Gambled, federal salaries, served as a "pimp" John Q. Adams: National Republican, Support: Independent Candidate, Mudslinging: Said Jackson's mother was a prostitute, his wife an adulteress, counted his duel murders.
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Describe Andrew Jackson as a historical and political figure.
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Violent temper, dueled often, passionate, leader, force of personality, native intelligence.
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What was the spoils system and how did Jacksonians justify it? What were the drawbacks or limitations of it?
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Rewarding political supporters with public office, it was introduced into the federal government on a large scale. He justified it by democratic grounds, he encouraged the idea of bringing in "new blood." Disadvantages: Men who openly bought their posts by campaign contributions were appointed high office, untrustworthy people were appointed into office for basically nothing, such as Samuel Swartwout-the first person to steal a million dollars from the Washington Gov.
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Who was Samuel Swartwout?
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the first person to steal a million dollars from the Washington Gov. after he was appointed to the post of collector of the customs of the port of New York because of the spoils system.
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The Tariff Crisis 1828- 1835: Which regions of the country supported and which regions opposed the tariffs and why?
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Southerns hated the tariffs because they were heavy consumers of manufactured good and had little manufacturing industry of their own. They also believed the tariff discriminated against them, because the Northern states were experiencing a boom in manufacturing, the Western states had rising property values and a multiplying population,and the Southwestern states was expanding cotton lands.
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South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1832)
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South Caroline thought that the tariff would limit slavery, which would hinder their economy even more. So they decided to take a strong stand on principle against all federal encroachments on states' rights. South Carolina took the "Tariff of Abominations" as their lead into their protest.
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Tariff Of Abominations (1828)
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South Carolina took the "Tariff of Abominations" as their lead into their protest. In the Exposition it was proposed to nullify the tariff.
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Nullies
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Tried strenuously to muster the necessary 2/3rds vote for nullification in the South Carolina legislature, but were blocked by a determined minority of unionists. (Trying to nullify the "Tariff of Abominations.")
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Columbian Convention (South Carolina Convention)
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"Nullies" met and solemnly declared the existing tariff to be null and void within South Carolina, they also threatened to take South Carolina out of the Union, if Washington attempted to collect the custom duties by force.
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Compromise Bill of 1833
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Reduced the Tariff of 1832 by 10% over a period of eight years. By 1842 the rates would be back at the mildly protective level.
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Bloody Bill (Force Bill)
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Authorized the president to use the army and navy, if necessary, to collect federal tariff duties.
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What was Jackson's response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff?
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He threatened to invade. Then Henry Clay came up with the Compromise Bill. Then congress passed the force bill, making sure this will not happen again.
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What was the final outcome of the tariff crisis?
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No real winner. Clay was the "true hero" for "saving the country," because conflict had been avoided, but the fundamental issues had not been resolved.
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Andrew Jackson's Native American Policy: What was the original policy of Washington, established in the 1790's as regards dealing with the Native American tribes?
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The Washington government recognized the tribes as separate nations and agreed to acquire land from them only through formal treaties.
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What were the beliefs of the many white Americans as regards to the Indians?
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They felt respect and admiration for the Natives and believed they could be assimilated into white society.
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Identify the five " Civilized Tribes" of the American South.
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Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles.
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How did the Cherokee Nation attempt to preserve their land? How did the Supreme Court rule? How did Jackson respond to the South Carolina decisions?
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The Georgia legislature declare the Cherokee tribal council illegal and asserted its own jurisdiction over Indian affairs and Indian lands. The Cherokees appealed this move to the supreme court, which upheld the rights of rights of the Cherokees three times. Jackson refused to recognize the Court's decision.
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What was Jackson's Indian policy regarding Native Americans? How did he justify it as correct to the American public?
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He proposed a removal of the remaining eastern tribes : Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles. He said that emigration was supposed to be voluntary because it was "cruel and unjust to compel the aborigines to abandon the graves of their fathers."
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The Trail of Tears
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Uprooted more then 100,000 Native Americans. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, providing for the transplanting of all Indian tribes then resident east of the Mississippi. "Permanently" free of white encroachments.
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Black Hawk War (Sauk and Fox Tribes)
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Resisted Eviction. Crushed in 1832 by regular troops.
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Osceola/ Seminole Wars
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In Florida, the Seminole Indians, joined runaway black slaves and waged a bitter guerrilla war, in 1837, when the American Field Commander seized the Seminole's leader, Osceola, under the flag of truce. Went on for 5 more years. Seminoles lost.
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Explain the reasons that Jacksonians despised the national bank and characterized it as the a "Hydra of Corruption."
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No bank in the US had more power then the National Bank, Paper money was used by private banks,giving private bankers more power over the economy. while the National Bank used hard currency. It was like a branch of government. Not accountable to the people. The bank was the Hydra of Corruption because it was considered a serpent that grew back new heads when old ones were cut off.
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Why did Clay, Biddle, and Webster bring the bank up for re-charter in 1832, though the charter was not due to run out until 1836? How did it backfire?
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Because if Jackson signed it, he would alienate his western followers, but if he vetoed it, then he would lose the presidency election because he would alienate the wealthy and influential group in the East. Jackson declared the bill unconstitutional. It squashed the bank bill and amplified the power of the presidency.
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Jackson's Veto Message: Why did he veto the bank bill? How did he assert executive supremacy over both the judicial and legislative branches?
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Because he viewed it as unconstitutional. The supreme court had already asserted it was constitutional, but Jackson acted as if the executive branch was superior to the judicial branch. Which in turn amplified the power of the presidency.
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The Removal of Federal Deposits and Placement in "Pet Banks": Characterize what Jackson's closest advisers thought of Jackson tying to remove deposits from the Bank of the United States four years early.
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Describe Nicholas Biddle's reaction to Jackson's fiscal stratagem.
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What were Wildcat Banks?
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Small local, state banks
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What was the effect of the removal of federal currency from the national bank on the United States economy?
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Species Circular (1836): What was Jackson's response to the wild speculation in land in the west by 1836? What was the result of this policy?
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Identify three significant revolutionary changes that took place in the election process during the Election of 1832.
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What did supporters who composed the Whig Party believe in? Why did they choose this name? How did they try to portray Jackson and Van Buren?
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Identify three significant issues Van Buren had to contend with while president.
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-Large Shoes to fill, (Jacksons) With small feet -He dealt with many of Jackson's left over enemies -Jackson handed the soon to come depression to Buren to pick up.
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Why is Van Buren, who was well-accomplished, highly educated, and a supreme politician (founder of the Democrat Party), considered a mediocre president at best?
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Jackson left all sorts of problems for him to fix and not as
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What caused the financial panic (Panic of 1837 and Depression of 1839)? Characterize this depression in terms of its overall significance.
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The Panic of 1837 was caused by the left behind problems of Jackson's presidency , the depression of 1839 was caused by the panic of 1837 and its factors: Two major banks closed forcing Britain, to need america to pay back their loans. the collapse of the american banks taking several million of govs. funds with them
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How did Van Buren attempt to stem the financial disaster?
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He tried using the divorce bill, which tried to remove the bank from the government altogether.
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How did the Whigs propose to stem the financial disaster? Were their ideas passed? Why? Why not?
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Steve Austin
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Given a large amount of land to bring american immigrants to mexico
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Sam Houston
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Leader and hero of the texan rebels, the texans declared independence and named houston their commander and chief.
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Santa Anna
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Mexican governor who fought against the texan criminals such as jim bowie and davey crockett.
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Jim Bowie and Davey Crockett
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Crockett: a famous republican, Bowie: inventor of the bowie knife, left to texas where they created quite the stir.
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Battle of the Alamo
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fight between american volunteers and mexican troops, the slain hros of crocket and bowie made this a turing point in the war
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Battle of Goliad
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A band of about 400 surrounded the volunteers and slaying them as pirates. Further galvanizing american opposition
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Battle of San Jacinto
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Sam Houston led Santa Anna to Jacinto to wipe out 1300 Mexicans with only 900 Texans
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After the Lone Star Republic came into existence in 1836, why didn't the United States accept Texas into the Union?
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Many Texans were slave holders and America didn't want to increase the Ardent of Slavery, also because it was below the 36,30 line making it technically a slave free state, but if it wanted to be a slave state, they would have to add another nonslave state to the US, as to balance out the states.
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Election of 1840, "Hard Cider and Log Cabin" Campaign: Who were the candidates? State the elements of this election that made it "revolutionary" and changed the face of political campaigning forever.
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Van Buren and William Henderson first time entering the race, and though they did not win, they did have a high amount of votes. The Whigs fed off of the discomfort of the party in charge.
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Compare and contrast the significant differences between the Democrats and the Whigs by 1840.
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The democrats glorified the liberty of the individual and wanted the government to back off, and they liked state government over federal government. The Whigs thought the whole of the society was more important then the individual. They approved of government interference and wanted moral reforms. (Whiskey Prohibition, Slavery Abolished.) They both originated from Jefferson Republicans. Democrats were usually poor, while the Whigs were wealthy.
