APUSH Ch.16 – Flashcards

Stowe was an abolitionist against slavery. In the early stages of her life, she urged women to enter teaching profession. She was also considered a women's rights advocate. Harriet Beecher Stowe is known for her book uncle tom's cabin which expressed the issues of slavery in the south. Her book was inspired by the pamphlet :american slavery as it is. Stowe was also famous for leading slaves to freedom by using the underground railroad. She was known as the Moses of the slaves.

The most conspicuous and most vilified of the abolitionists, Garrison was a nonresistant pacifist and a poor organizer. He was a reformer that favored northern secession from the south and antagonized both sections with his intemperate language. Garrison published in Boston the 1st issue of his militantly antislavery newspaper, The Liberator. With this paper, Garrison triggered a 30 year war of words and in a sense fired one of the opening barrages of the civil war. He proclaimed that under no circumstances would he tolerate the poisonous weed of slavery, but would stamp it out at once. He quoted "...I will not retreat a single inch and I will be heard!"

A slave who he, himself, bought his freedom when he collected enough money by winning the lottery. He is most famous for starting a slave rebellion in 1822 in South Carolina with over 100 free and slave men. They planned to kill their enslavers and liberate the city of Charleston. However, some slaves who were opposed to the idea ratted them out and Vesey was executed along with several of his fellow rebels. Vesey was an inspiration for several slave rebels and is regarded as being an abolitionist hero.

Black abolitionists established themselves as living symbols toward the motivation of african american freedom. Among them was David Walker. He wrote "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World" that supported a bloody end to white superemacy. He advocated a violent stand to end slavery and gain equality.

A semiliterate black preacher, Nat Turner was the leader of Turner's rebellion in 1831. The uprising slaughtered about sixty Virginians, mostly women and children and sent a wave of hysteria throughout the south. In response, at least 200 slaves and free blacks were killed. Later convicted and hung with 56 others accused of being in the rebellion. New laws were passed, prohibiting education of slaves and free blacks, restricting rights of assembly and other civil rights for free blacks, and requiring white ministers to be present at black worship services.

an African American abolitionist as well as an activist for women's rights. She was born into slavery but escaped in 1826. She also was the first black woman who won a court case against a white man. Her name was originally Isabella Baumfree, but she changed it to Sojourner Truth because she claimed that the Spirit called her, and became a Methodist. She had many speeches throughout her career, and inspired movements. She worked and met with other speakers such as George Thompson, William Lloyd Garrison, and Fredrick Douglass to spread their ideas throughout the United States.

Weld was a writer, editor, speaker, and an organizer. He was an abolitionist and was best known for his book American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses published in 1839, which was written by his wife Angelina Grimke, her sister Sarah Grimke, and himself. Weld was a dedicated abolitionist and remained committed until slavery was finally abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865

Fredrick Douglas escaped slavery in 1838 and was an outspoken abolitionist. His mother was a black slave and his dad was white. He escaped from his Maryland owner and published his own newspaper, the North Star. He also wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. He unlike some other abolitionists favored political methods of reform and used it to his advantage.

Supported a number of causes and are often remembered for their devotion to abolitionism. In 1833, the brothers and abolitionist Theodore Dwight Weld came together to form the American Anti-Slavery Society. This organization called for the immediate end to slavery and also advocated equal rights for African Americans with white people. William Lloyd Garrison dominated the American Anti-Slavery Society, although Arthur Tappan served as president of the organization from its founding until 1840. Tappan resigned from the society in 1840 when its membership became interested in fighting for equal rights for women with men.The Tappan brothers assisted the abolition movement in other ways. They provided financial support to Oberlin College in Ohio. Oberlin provided education for both white and black students in fully-integrated classrooms. Lewis Tappan financially supported The Emancipator, an abolitionist newspaper, and encouraged churches in New York City to end the practice of having separate seating areas for whites and African Americans

A Presbyterian minister, who was violently opposed multiple times for his views against slavery. He founded the Alton Observer, an abolitionist newspaper, in Alton, Illinois. Pro-slavery mobs destroyed his printing presses four times to try and stop his newspaper, and on the fourth time, would kill him in a gunfight outside of his warehouse. He would become "the martyr abolitionist", and his brother, Owen Lovejoy, would continue Elijah's views against slavery past his death. Elijah Lovejoy was also considered the first casualty of the Civil War.

Former president, Representative John Quincy Adams successfully fought the right to discuss slavery in Congress in 1836 for 8 years when the southerners drove through the House so called Gag Resolution, it required all antislavery appeals to be tabled without debate. This attack is what aroused Adams to fight for slavery's freedom.

The rule of the few, and those few are generally the people who are richer and more powerful than the others, what you might call the aristocrats or the nobles. These are not always men: just as monarchieshave both kings and queens, women sometimes appear in councils of aristocrats, and even when they are not members, they are often there telling their husbands or their sons what to do. So oligarchies are generally bad for the poor, but they are pretty good for women, at least for rich women from powerful families.

13. Abolitionism: A movement dedicated the abolishing of slavery. Key leaders such as former slaves Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman worked tirelessly to permanently abolish slavery. Other abolitionists such as John Brown resorted to violence to achieve their goals. Books such as Uncle Tom's Cabin further stoked the flames of the anti-slavery movement, eventually leading to the outbreak of the Civil War. White abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison also contributed to the cause. Abolitionists looked to politics to end the blight of slavery.

: A term proslavery whites used to defend/justify slavery; claiming slavery was 'supported by the Bible and Aristotle's wisdom.' That slavery benefited Africans by saving them from their barbaric jungle home and were blessed with Christian civilization.

Slave drivers who brutally and repeatedly whipped strong-willed slaves in order to "break" them.

The division of the land into smaller parts under private ownership. Cash crops were grown on these plantations such as tobacco, rice, sugar cane and cotton. Slaves were in the fields all day fir eighteen hours a day. The death rate among slaves was high. Slaves were encouraged to have children to make up for the loss.

the tendency of a group to have control over an industry. This was the case as the South became increasingly monopolistic. as the land wore thin, many small farmers sold their possessions to more prosperous neighbors and went north or west. as a result, the large landowners became increasingly larger and the small became smaller.

a population created from white masters forcing themselves upon female slaves, they are a person of mixed white and black ancestry

Cotton plantations expanding from South Carolina through Alabama and Mississippi to Texas until the civil war.It made a few rich, enhanced the southern economy and kept slavery alive. Northern manufacturing had focused on the textile industry and there was suddenly a nearby market for one of the South's minor crops - cotton.

The Liberator was a Boston-based newspaper co-founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp in 1831. As a weekly anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator was the voice for the movement to end slavery. The publication reached worldwide audiences in the thousands. This caused for Americans and others around the world to either love or hate Garrison and his abolitionist newspaper. The first issue of the newspaper on January 1, 1831 came with the motto: "Our country is the world — our countrymen are mankind." The last issue of The Liberator was at the end of the Civil War in December of 1865. 35 years and 1,820 issues later, the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution abolished slavery in the United States forevermore.

Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists such as Arthur Tappan and Frederick Douglas. Frederick Douglass was a key leader of the society and often spoke at its meetings. The headquarters of this group was in New York City and published a weekly newspaper, the National Anti-Slavery Standard. Garrison burned the constitution as a proslavery document and argued for "no union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves.

Used as a way to describe institutions of slavery, it was often paired with the word "our" as "our peculiar institution"; more importantly, it was used as a substitute for the word "slavery" . With the term "slavery" gaining a negative connotation in the eyes of the north and other critics, the term "peculiar institution" would grow in popularity in the south throughout the 19th century, being used as the "proper" term in areas where "slavery" was frowned upon or just illegal.

the first antislavery party, grown out of a split in the ranks of the American Anti-Slavery Society between followers of William Lloyd Garrison's radical program and a conservative group which held that abolitionist aims could be best obtained by orthodox political means. The leading initiators of the anti-Garrison movement and the new party were the New York philanthropists Gerrit Smith, Arthur Tappan, and Judge William Jay, and the Ohio antislavery stalwart, Salmon P. Chase. At a national convention in Albany, New York, on April 1, 1840, delegates from six states confirmed the nominations, officially adopted the party name, and declared abolition of slavery to be the single plank in its platform. In 1848, although the Liberty party had nominated John P. Hale and Leicester King, the party leaders urged the members to vote for candidates of the newly organized Free Soil party instead. Chase presided over Buffalo, New York for the convention of the Free Soil Party on August 9, 1848, which led to the demise of the short lived Liberty party. As such, Hale withdrew his candidacy.

in 1832 Theodore Dwight weld went to the lane theological seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio. the seminary was presided over by Lyman Beecher. Weld and some of his comrades were kicked out for their actions of anti-slavery. The young men would later become known as the "lane rebels." they helped lead and continue the preaching of anti-slavery ideas.

Piles of abolitionist petitions poured into Congress, causing sensitive southerners to pass the Gag Resolution through the House of Representatives in 1836. Gag Resolution required all anti-slavery appeals given to Congress to be tabled without debate. As an attack on the right of free petition, the ex-president, Representative John Quincy Adams waged a successful 8 year battle to repeal the Gag Resolution.

founded in 1817. Because of the widespread loathing of blacks, some of the earliest abolitionist efforts focused on transporting blacks bodily back to Africa. The American Colonization Society was founded for this purpose, and in 1822 the Republic of Liberia was established for former slaves on the fever-stricken West African Coast.

A novel written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Stowe was born in Connecticut and was an abolitionist who strongly opposed slavery. This novel was said to have laid down the grounds for the American Civil War for it showed the reality of slavery as it is. Over 300,000 copies were sold in the United States during the first year of its publishing. When Harriet met with Abraham Lincoln, he said to her " So this is the little lady who wrote the book that started this great war."