APUSH America’s History Henretta Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Tribute
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Aztec demanded this from subject people in the form of gold, textiles, turquoise, obsidian, tropical bird feathers and cacao.
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Matriarchy
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Popular among some Native American groups where power was inherited through female lines of authority.
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animism
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Native Americans that believed the natural world was suffused with spiritual power. Sought to understand world by interpreting dreams and visions.
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patriarchy
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Classical western power structure where property and social identity descended in male family lines.
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primogeniture
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Fathers bestowing all their laid to their eldest son.
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peasants
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In 1450 this was the occupation of most Europeans.
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republic
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States that had no prince or king but instead were governed by merchant coalitions.
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civic humanism
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An ideology that praised public virtue and service to the state and in time profoundly influenced European and American conceptions of government.
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Renaissance
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1300-1450 Europe the era that saw a "rebirth" of the arts hearkening back to ancient Rome and Greece.
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guilds
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Artisan organizations that regulated trades.
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Christianity
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Grew out of Jewish monotheism and held that Jesus Christ was divine.
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heresy
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Doctrines that were inconsistent with the teachings of the Church.
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Islam
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Religion that considered Muhammad to be God's last prophet.
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Crusades
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Christian armies that fought to reverse Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands.
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predestination
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The idea that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born and condemns the rest to eternal damnation.
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Protestant reformation
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Started by Martin Luther essentially. Triggered a war between Holy Roman Empire and the northern principalities in Germany .
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Counter-Reformation
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A push back by Catholics in response to the Protestant reformation. Jesuits are founded, seminaries are started and indulgences are ceased.
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trans-Saharan trade
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West African empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhai enjoyed a monopoly on this trade. Trading gold, copper, salt and slaves.
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reconquista
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Campaign by Spanish Catholics to drive Muslim Arabs from the European mainland.
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Hiawatha
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According to Iroquois legend, he was a Mohawk that lost his family in one of the many wars. Met a spirit which taught him a series of condolence rituals. As a result he returned with a new gospel of peace and power. He founded the Iroquois Confederacy.
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Martin Luther
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Pinned 95 theses on a church door in Wittenberg and basically started the Protestant Reformation. Read the bible yourselves do not leave it to the priests to do that.
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Mansa Musa
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Tenth emperor of Mali, a devout Muslim who built and supported a lot of mosques and schools. He spent so much gold on a pilgrimage to Mecca that they endured a devalue of gold in the region for a decade.
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Vasco de Gama
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Explorer who got to East Africa and India by ship. Got cinnamon and pepper, starting Portuguese establishment of trading posts around Indian Ocean.
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Christopher Columbus
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Rediscovered America, stated genocide of Native Americans :)
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Hernan Cortes
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Led Spanish invasion of the Yucatan Peninsula.
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Moctezuma
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Last Aztec emperor, he welcomed Cortes who killed him.
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Pedro Alvares Cabral
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Portuguese explorer who established that country in Brazil.
