apk2015 test 4 online hw – Flashcards

Which of the following occurs when intra-alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure? Which of the following occurs when intra-alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure? air moves into the lung the lung collapses air moves out of the lung intrapleural pressure is greater than intra-alveolar pressure the lung must be expanding

The change in lung volume (ΔV) that results from a given change in transpulmonary pressure is known as which of the following? The change in lung volume (ΔV) that results from a given change in transpulmonary pressure is known as which of the following? Surface tension Airway resistance Lung compliance Total peripheral resistance

What is the dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and plays an important role in breathing? What is the dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and plays an important role in breathing? scalene external intercostals sternocleidomastoid internal intercostals diaphragm

What is the approximate average value of the vital capacity? What is the approximate average value of the vital capacity? 3500 mL 4500 mL 1200 mL 1000 mL

Due to the negative intrapleural pressure, the pleural sac must remain airtight. If the pleural sac were broken, as in a piercing wound, which of the following would happen? Due to the negative intrapleural pressure, the pleural sac must remain airtight. If the pleural sac were broken, as in a piercing wound, which of the following would happen? The lungs would burst. The lungs would remain the same. The lungs would collapse. The lungs would expand outward.

What are the most common cells that line the surface of the alveoli and are therefore associated with the exchange of gases within the lungs? What are the most common cells that line the surface of the alveoli and are therefore associated with the exchange of gases within the lungs? Type II alveolar cells Macrophages Type III alveolar cells Type I alveolar cells Goblet cells

Which of the following statements about respiratory system anatomy is FALSE? Which of the following statements about respiratory system anatomy is FALSE? The trachea remains open at all times. The trachea branches into two bronchi, one of which travels to each lung. Both air and food travel in the pharynx. Each lung has three lobes. The nasal cavity and oral cavity are parts of the upper airways.

What type of cells secrete mucus in the respiratory tract? What type of cells secrete mucus in the respiratory tract? macrophages goblet cells type I alveolar cells ciliated cells type II alveolar cells

A decrease in ________ is indicative of a restrictive pulmonary disease. A decrease in ________ is indicative of a restrictive pulmonary disease. residual volume tidal volume minute ventilation vital capacity forced expiratory volume

What are the smallest (and most distal) structures that remain a component of the conducting zone in the respiratory tract? What are the smallest (and most distal) structures that remain a component of the conducting zone in the respiratory tract? terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles tertiary bronchioles secondary bronchi bronchi

Which of the following measurements cannot be determined by a spirometer? Which of the following measurements cannot be determined by a spirometer? residual volume tidal volume inspiratory capacity vital capacity inspiratory reserve volume

The difference between what two pressures drives air into and out of the lungs? The difference between what two pressures drives air into and out of the lungs? central venous : intracoronary atmospheric : intrapleural pulmonary venous : atmospheric atmospheric : intra-alveolar intrapleural : intra-alveolar

Which of the following chemical's concentration is NOT increased by an elevation in metabolic activity? hydrogen oxygen carbon dioxide potassium pyruvic acid

Keeping blood in the different chambers of the heart from mixing is a function what structure? apex arteries chordae tendinae septum valves

The small increase in ventricular pressure observed late in diastole is caused by ________. atrial contraction atrial relaxation ventricular relaxation ventricular contraction blood moving into the atria from vena cava

Conduction through which of the following is slow to allow atria to contract before the ventricles? Purkinje fibers atria bundle of His SA node AV node

Which of the following statements best defines the term compliance? A large increase in blood volume is necessary to cause any change in blood pressure. A measure of the relationship between pressure and volume changes The combined resistances of all the blood vessels within the circuit The pressure within the aorta

The preload is approximately the same as the ________. atrial pressure end-diastolic pressure end-systolic pressure aortic diastolic pressure aortic systolic pressure

In response to a decrease in tissue metabolic activity, tissue oxygen concentrations ________, which causes a(n) ________. decrease : active hyperemic response increase : constriction of the arterioles decrease : dilation of the arterioles increase : active hyperemic response decrease : increase in tissue ischemia

Which of the following structures is POORLY innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system, therefore, an increase in parasympathetic activity has little effect on this structure? ventricles sinoatrial node atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers conduction pathway

The opening and closure of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves is driven by ________. contraction and relaxation of the valve differences in pressure across the valve contraction of the ventricle and atria that pull the valves into place contraction of the valve contraction of muscles attached to the valves

________ describes the movement of fluid out of the capillary, while ________ describes the movement of fluid into the capillary. Edema : venous pooling Absorption : filtration Hydrostatic pressure : oncotic pressure Filtration : absorption Venous pooling : edema

Blood pressure is usually estimated from indirect measurements of the pressure in what structure? brachial artery femoral artery aorta left ventricle radial artery

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest musculature? left ventricle right atrium both ventricles have equal thickness and are thicker than the atria right ventricle left atrium

What type of adrenergic receptor is found in the smooth muscle of most systemic arterioles? alpha only beta1 only beta3 only beta2 only both alpha and beta1

Whereas the contractile activity of skeletal muscle is called ________, that of cardiac muscle is ________ because the contraction originates within the musculature itself. somatic : autorhythmic voluntary : involuntary extrinsic : intrinsic somatic : autonomic neurogenic : myogenic

The elastic nature of the largest blood vessel's walls allows them to act as a ________, maintaining the driving force for blood flow while the heart is relaxed during diastole. non-compliant structure volume reservoir non-distensible structure resistor pressure reservoir

The resting cardiac output for both the left and right ventricles is approximately 5.0 liters/minute. True False

Which of the following is NOT true about the functions of the cardiovascular system? The heart pumps blood through blood vessels to various organs and systems. The regulation of the cardiovascular system does not depend on interactions with any other organ or systems. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes wastes. The blood vessels are also sensory and effector organs.

Which of the following is true of the ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle? All valves in the heart are open. Ventricular pressure is less than aortic pressure. Ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure. Ventricular pressure is decreasing. Ventricular filling occurs during systole.

Which of the following components of blood contains hemoglobin? Erythrocytes Platelets Leukocytes Plasma

The binding of a catecholamine to a beta adrenergic receptor will ________. activate adenylate cyclase activate guanylate cyclase activate phospholipase C inhibit phospholipase C inhibit guanylate cyclase

Blood pooling occurs when blood accumulates in lower veins of the body due to the very high compliance of veins. Which of the following is NOT a result of blood pooling? Orthostatic hypotension Decrease in venous return Increase in cardiac output Reduction in arterial pressure

The blood vessels of largest diameter are the ________; the blood vessels with the thickest walls are the ________. arteries : arterioles arteries : veins veins : arteries veins : veins arteries : arteries

The hormone vasopressin acts in the short term to ________ and in the long term to ________, thereby increasing mean arterial pressure. vasodilate arterioles : decrease urine outflow vasodilate arterioles : increase urine outflow decrease urine outflow : vasoconstrict arterioles increase urine outflow : vasodilate arterioles vasoconstrict arterioles : decrease urine outflow

Why do AV nodal cells NOT determine the heart rate? They slow conduction of the wave of excitation. They depolarize slower than all other conducting fibers. As depolarization initiated in the SA node reaches the AV node, it leaves the AV node in a refractory state. The AV node is connected to the SA node, but not to other conducting fibers in the heart. They depolarize faster than all other conducting fibers.

An increase in the volume of blood ejected from the heart, with no change in total peripheral resistance, would ________. elevate central venous pressure reduce the stretch on the aorta elevate pulmonary venous pressure reduce mean arterial pressure elevate mean arterial pressure

Resistance to blood flow is regulated primarily by what blood vessels? ventricle arterioles capillaries veins arteries

Cardiac function curves plot ________ against ________. stroke volume : end-systolic volume heart rate : end-diastolic volume heart rate : end-systolic volume stroke volume : end-diastolic volume cardiac output : end-diastolic volume

Histamine induces vasodilation by stimulating the synthesis of nitric oxide. True False