APHG Unit 3 Flash Cards – Flashcards

The addition of harmful chemicals to the atmosphere. The most serious air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels, especially in internal-combustion engines.

living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production.

The point at which a cargo is unloaded and broken up into smaller units prior to delivery, minimizing transport costs. This frequently happens at waterfront sites where imports are often processed to cut costs.

A nuclear reactor that produces as well as consumes fissionable material, especially one that produces more fissionable material than it consumes

making something that gains volume or weight during production

making something that looses volume or weight during production

goods that are ready for consumption in satisfaction of human wants, as clothing or food, and are not utilized in any further production

characterisitics-

production, items, goods

example-

cars

nonexample-

the sun

the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former

characteristics-

resources, travel, poor to rich, goods

example-

blood diamonds

nonexample-

water

A process of economic growth, in which a country tries to improve their level of material wealth through the diffusion and realization of resources. 

Characteristics-

Growth, economics, materials, improvement

Example-

City

Nonexample-

Premative times

Tourism involving travel to areas of natural or ecological interest, typically under the guidance of a naturalist, for the purpose of observing wildlife and learning about the environment.

Characteristics-

Travel, natural, ecological, wildlife, tourists

Examples-

Africa Safari

Nonexamples-

New York City Zoo

The level of demand a given country puts on resources available in the world to crate energy. 

Characteristics-

Demand, desired resources, energy

Examples-

Fossil fuels

Nonexample-

water

The term Four Asian Tigers or Asian Tigers refers to the highly industrialized economies of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. These regions were noted for maintaining exceptionally high growth rates and rapid industrialization between the early 1960s and 1990s. In the 21st century, all four tigers became advanced economies and high-income economies.

;

Characteristics-

Instrialized economies, asian, high growth rates, rapid industrilazation, advanced economies

;

Example-

Asian Tigers

;

Nonexample-

U.S.

the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced by a country during one year in side and outside of its borders.

Characteristics-

Total, monetary, value, final, goods and services

Example-

Nonexample-

Gross Domestic Product

form of energy generated by the conversion of free-falling water to electricity; the generation of electricity by using the motive power of water

characteristics-

energy, conversion, electricity, generation, power, water

example-

Water Power

Nonexample-

Solar power

A model of industrial location proposed by A. Weber (1909, trans. 1929), which assumes that industrialists choose a least-cost location for the development of new industry

Characteristics-

Model, industrial

Example-

1. Weber

Nonexample-

the totality of the changes in economic and social organization that began about 1760 in England and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines, as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments

characteristics-

economic, social, change, industrial

example-

big factories

nonexample-

farms

the practice of killing newborn infants

characteristics-

kill, newborn

example-

Abortion

Nonexample-

pediacare

an inventory strategy that reduces in-process inventory, waste, and eliminates the costs of warehousing inventory.;

Characteristics-

Strategy, reduction, inventory, waste, cost

;

Example-

UPS

;

Nonexample-

email

Labor Intensive Industry refers to that industry which requires substantial amount of human labor to produce the industrial products

;

Chacteristics-

Human, labor, production

;

Example-

Sweatshops

;

Nonexample-

electronics

Countries with a; poorly developed industrial base and poor indicators of social and economic development.

;

Characteristics-

Country, poor, low development

;

Example-

Subsaharan africa

;

Nonexample-

United States

Percentage of a given population that can read and write.

;

Characteristics-

Reading, writing, percentage

;

Example-

Average students in school

;

Nonexample-

Brain drain

An assembly plant in Mexico, especially one along the border between the United States and Mexico, to which foreign materials and parts are shipped and from which the finished product is returned to the original market.

;

Characteristics-

Mexican, plant, shipment, materials, foreign

;

Example-

US factories in Mexico

;

Nonexample-

Matel

The space in which a company intends to sell their product.;

;

Characters-

Product, placement

;

Example-

Verizon company-verizon store

;

Nonexample-

Yard sale

Countries with a well developed industrial base and high indicators of social and economic development.

;

Characteristics-

Well development, industrial base, social, economic

;

Example-

United States

;

Nonexample-

Cambodia

North American Free Trade Agreement reduces trade barriers between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.;

;

Characteristics-

Program, reduction

;

Example-

Sanction

;

Nonexample-

Free Trade

Energy sources which cannot be recreated once expended.

;

Characteristics-

Energy, sources, unreuseable

;

Example-

Oil

;

Nonexample-

Wind power

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; an organization in which global exporters of petroleum which cooperate to maintain appropriate levels of petroleum to meet demand and stabilize the price of that commodity.

;

Characteristics-

Organization, petroleum, exporting, countries

;

Example-

Petroleum Exports

;

Nonexample-

Uranium exports

;

to obtain goods or services from an outside source (particularly from MDC to LDCs)

;

characteristics-

obtaining, goods, services

;

example-

International exports

;

Nonexample-

Importing goods

a form of oxygen, O3, with a peculiar odor suggesting that of weak chlorine, produced when an electric spark or ultraviolet light is passed through air or oxygen. It is found in the atmosphere in minute quantities, esp. after a thunderstorm, is a powerful oxidizing agent, and is thus biologically corrosive. In the upper atmosphere, it absorbs ultraviolet rays, thereby preventing them from reaching the surface of the earth.

;

Characteristics-

Atmosphere, prevention of ultraviolet rays

;

Example-

Green house affect

;

Nonexample-

Rainy day

A thick, flammable, yellow-to-black mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the Earth's surface

Characteristics-

Hydrocarbons, natural, beneath, earth

Example-

Mixture

Nonexample-

Compound

A raw material is something that is acted upon or used by organisms, or by human labor or industry, for use as a building material to create some product or structure

Characteristics-

Organisms, material, raw

Example-

Sand

Nonexample-

plastic

to treat or process (used or waste materials) so as to make suitable for reuse

characteristics-

reuse, materials

example-

Paper

Nonexample-

Oil

This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods or where they are suitable for use by other businesses, for export, or sale to domestic consumers

Characteristics-

Output, manufactors, goods, busniesses, consumer

Example-

UPS

Nonexample-

Primary sector

economic policies which countries must follow in order to qualify for new World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) loans and help them make debt repayments on the older debts owed to commercial banks, governments and the World Bank.

Characteristics-

Economic, policy, countries, debt

Example-

International Monetary Fund

Nonexample-

Welfare

any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting

Characteristics-

Cloth

Example-

Cotton

Nonexample-

Leather

A trade bloc is a large free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements. Typically trade pacts that define such a bloc specify formal adjudication bodies

Characteristics-

Free trade area

Example-

Nonexample-

Black Friday

refers to the additional value of a commodity over the cost of commodities used to produce it from the previous stage of production

characteristics-

additional, commodity

example-

production fee

nonexample-

sale

Immanuel Wallerstein, a leading advocate of the approach, uses the same terminology. He characterizes the world system as a set of mechanisms which redistributes resources from the periphery to the core. In his terminology, the core is the developed, industrialized, democratic part of the world, and the periphery is the underdeveloped, raw materials-exporting, poor part of the world; the market being the means by which the core exploits the periphery.

Characteristics-

Core, development, rich, poor

Example-

Prediction

NonExample-

Outcome

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides financial and technical assistance] to developing countries for development programs (e.g. bridges, roads, schools, etc.) with the stated goal of reducing poverty

Characteristics-

Finance, institution, aid, developing countries

Example-

Economic Aid

Nonexample-

Welfare