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Accepted American Psychological Association (APA) form for

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preparing reports of psychological research.

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The particular form for preparing APA format papers is found in the

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fifth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (

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APA format was adopted to help make the publication of

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journal articles more uniform.

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In addition to being computer friendly

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the general layout and design of the APA-format paper are reader friendly.

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Headings are titles for various sections of a psychology paper designed to

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help the reader understand the outline and importance of parts of the paper.

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Authors use headings to divide the

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APA-format paper into sections and to help the reader understand the paper's organization.

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The major components of an APA-format paper are, in order

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1. Title Page 2. Abstract 3. Introduction 4. Method Section 5. Results Section 6.Discussion Section 7.References 8.Appendixes (if any) 9. Author note 10. Tables (if any) 11. Figures (if any)

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Title Page

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The first page of an APA-format paper.

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What does the title page include?

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It includes the manuscript page header, the running head, the manuscript's title, and the name(s) of the author(s) and their affiliation(s).

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Manuscript page header

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The first two or three words of the report's title. Appears with the page number on each page of the research report.

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Running head

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A condensed title that is printed at the top of alternate pages of a published article.

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The running head should

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be a maximum of 50 characters, including letters, punctuation, and spaces between words.

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When you type the running head on the title page, it is in

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all capital letters.

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Also, note that the

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h in running head is not capitalized.

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Abstract

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The word "Abstract" is centered and appears two lines below the page number. ; A centered section title in which the first letters of major words are capitalized is designated as a level 1 heading.

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Level 1 heading

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A centered section title in which the first letters of major words are capitalized; Occupies a line by itself.

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The abstract of an experimental report consists of

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a brief (up to 120 words) one paragraph description of the research presented in your paper.

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The paragraph that comprises the abstract should include

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a description of the intent and conduct (including participants and method) of your project, the results you obtained, and the project's implications or applications.

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It is important to note that the abstract is typed in

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block form; there is not indentation on the first line.

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Introduction

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The first major section of the APA-format paper. Contains the thesis statement, review of relevant literature, and experimental hypothesis.

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Your introduction section begins on

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page 3 of your report.

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The level 1 heading from this section is

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the title from page 1. Be sure that it is exactly the same in both places.

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The introduction starts off

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broad, then narrows to a specific focus leading to a logical experimental question

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Introduction should include a thesis statement which indicates

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general topic in which you are interested and your general view of the relation of the relevant variables in that area.

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Note that every fact based statement is supported by

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a citation to a reference.

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If you wish to locate one of the references cited,

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you can find the necessary information in the reference section.

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Citation

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A notation in text that a particular reference was used.

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The citation provides the

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name(s) of the author(s) and date of the work's publication.

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Reference

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A full bibliographic record of any work cited in the text of a psychological paper.

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Reference section

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A complete listing of all the references cited in a psychological paper.

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A second point on writing in APA style is that

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the use of unbiased language is imperative.

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Unbiased language is language that does not

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state or imply a prejudice toward any individual or group.

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Method

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The objective of the method section is to provide sufficient detail about your experiment to enable readers to evaluate its appropriateness or replicate your study should they desire.

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The method section is typically made up of

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three subsections: participants, apparatus (also designated materials or testing instruments), and procedure.

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Method is a

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level 1 section heading.

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The participants subsection

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enumerates and describes the experimental participants.

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Participants is a

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level 3 heading.

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Level 3 heading

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A section title that is left-margin-justified, underlined, and has the first letter of each major word capitalized. Occupies a line by itself.

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The subsection on participants answers three questions

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1. Who participated in the study? 2. How many participants were there? 3.How were the participants selected?

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Materials subsection

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The second subsection of the method section.

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When appropriate the materials subsection contains information about

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materials other than equipment used in the experiment.

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If you use equipment in the experiment, you should label this subsection

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Apparatus.

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If your "equipment" consists of standardized psychological testing materials, then the label

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Testing Instruments (or Measures) would be appropriate.

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Procedure

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The third subsection of the method section.

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The procedure provides a step by step account of

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what the participants and experimenter did during the experiment.

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Your primary goal in the procedure subsection is to

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describe how you conducted your experiment.

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You should give enough information to allow a

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replication of your method, but do not include unnecessary details.

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