AP World History Unit 1 IDs – Flashcards
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Samarkand
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an oasis town along the silk roads; place where merchants & caravans found food, rest, lodging, and markets; hosted travelers from different lands who spoke different languages and had different religions; became cosmopolitan center
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Han Wudi
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The "Martial Emperor". He occupied the imperial throne for 54 years from 141 to 87 B.C.E. and ruled his empire with vision and vigor. He was the Han dynasty's greatest and most energetic empror
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Harrapans
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society with unidentifiable writing system, had fertility cults
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Celtics
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Indo-European peoples that largely dominated northern Europe, particularly in modern-day France and Great Britain
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Xiongnu
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Nomadic people from the steppes of central Asia who spoke a Turkish language. Became the main enemy of Han China
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Brahman
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One of the four main castes in India consisting of priests
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Analects
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The compilation of Confucius' writings
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Mandate of Heaven
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The Zhou theory of politics, heavenly powers granted the right to govern
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Founder of Buddhism. Searched for the answer to suffering
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Sargon of Akkad
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The creator of empire in Mesopotamia. A talented administrator and brilliant warrior
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Quanats
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underground canals that enhanced agricultural production and population growth
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Royal Road
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This streched over 1,600 miles throughout the Persian Empire and was responsible for trade as well as the exchange of ideas and religions among societies
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Menes
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Ambitious minor official from southern Egypt who rose to power and extended his authority north and into the delta. Founded Memphis
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Linear A
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Script devised by the Minoans on Crete during late third millennium B.C.E.
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Tribunes
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These were elected officials who represented the commoners' interests in the Roman government. They had the power to intervene in all political matters, and possessed the right to veto measures that they judged unfair.
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Upanishads
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"a sitting in front of", took the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised, taught that appearances are deceiving and individual human beings are not separate and autonomous creatures
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Paleolithic
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"old stone age"
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Neolithic
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"new stone age", because of refinements in tool-making techniques
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Zhou dynasty
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After Shang dynasty, "mandate of heaven", used decentralized administration
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Ptolemy
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One of Alexander of Macedon's three generals who succeeded him, took Egypt
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Daoism
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A Chinese school of thought that developed during the sixth century B.C.E. in which it represented an unchanging principle that governs all the workings of the universe and it was neither good nor bad. It does nothing, and yet it accomplishes everything. According to this principle, human beings would tailor to its passive and yielding nature
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Kharma
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cause and effect, Indian religions
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Shang Dynasty
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rise and success was due to bronze metallurgy, monopolized bronze, capitals at Ao and Yin
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Helot
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servants of the Spartan state
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Complex Society
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large-scale organization that emerged in several parts of the ancient world
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476 C.E.
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end of western Roman empire, end of imperial rulers
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Aryans
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created the origins of the caste system
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Hieroglyphics
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"holy inscriptions", Egyptian pictographs that represented sounds and ideas
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Ancestor Veneration
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tending graves and memories of ancestors, offering food and drink at the graves
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Paterfamilias
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Roman family social system whereby eldest male ruled the household as "father of the family." Under this social system, the eldest male was given the authority to arrange marriages, determine duties of children, punish them, and/or sell them into slavery if they saw fit
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Pericles
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The high tide of Athenian democracy came under the leadership of this statesmen
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Zoroastrianism
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Official religion throughout the Persian Empire for more than a millennium
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Xia Dynasty
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made one of the first efforts to organize public life in China on a large scale, created by sage-king Yu, established precedent for hereditary monarchical rule in China
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Oracle Bones
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principal instruments used by fortune-tellers in ancient China
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Semitic
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spoke tongues in specific family of languages including, Akkadian, Aramaic, Hebrew, and Phoenician
