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Atlantic Slave Trade

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Traingulare Trade, Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the MIddle Passage of the Triangular Trade.

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New World

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the hemisphere that includes North and South America

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Plantations

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Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops

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Sulieman

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Suleyman the Magnificent. Ruled the Ottoman Empire for 46 years. He was a great military leadr and created an efficent government and code of laws.

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Ottoman

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This was the name of the Turkish Empire that dominated the Middle east, North Africa, and Eastern Europe until the end of WWI

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Moguls

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they created another Muslim Empire in India. They were muslim Warriors who came from the mountains north of india. They used guns, cannons, elephants, and horses to conquer territory. in 1526 they made the city of Delhi which was the center of their empire.

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British East India Trading Company

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this british based company was given a monopoly on all tea trade in the colonies

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Ming Dynasty

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dynasty that emerged after mongol rulers had been driven out. Isolated china from foreign trade. Daily life: Women not valued, increased nutrition led to expanded families, plays and dramas incorporated Chinese History to help unify national Chinese Culture. Great Wall Revolts Mongols

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Neo Confucianism

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a philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist thought

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Qing

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Manchus founded, Kangxi- reduced expenses and lowered taxes, Qian-Long-conquered Korea, restricted trade with foriegners,ceramics, coming out of isolation, opium smuggled into China

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Agricultural Revolution

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between 17th and 18th centuries in Britain a time of increased agricultural productivity which helped lead to the Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolution

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begun about 1760 in England and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines, as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments.

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Berlin Conference

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a meeting in 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa

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Hideyoshi

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Greatest of Japan's founding fathers, given credit for uniting Japan

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Edo

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Tokugawa capital city; modern-day Tokyo; center of the Tokugawa shogunate.

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Tokugawa

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A powerful family in Japan that ruled as shoguns, 1603-1867, characterized by a samurai ruling class, urbanization, and the growth of a merchant class. Top-down approaches worked to solve environmental problems. isolation Policy

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Samurai

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Literally 'those who serve,' the hereditary military elite in Feudal Japan as well as during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

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Enlightenment

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a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions

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John Locke

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Wrote Two Treatises on Government as justification of Glorious Revolution and end of absolutism in England. He argued that man is born good and has rights to life, liberty, and property. To protect these rights, people enter social contract to create government with limited powers. If a government did not protect these rights or exceeded its authority, Locke believed the people have the right to revolt. The ideas of consent of the governed, social contract, and right of revolution influenced the United States Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He also laid the foundations for criticism of absolute monarchy in France.

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Bourgeoisie

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educated, middle class of france; provided force behind the revolution

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Physiocrats

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This was the group of economists who believed that the wealth of a nation was derived solely from the value of its land

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Lassiez-Faire

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idea that government should stay out of business and economic affairs as much as possible. "Hands Off"

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Capitalism

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an economic system based on open competition in a free market, in which individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit

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Mary Wollstonecraft

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English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women Vindication Rights of Women and men

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Marie Curie

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Discovered and pioneered radioactivity. Won two nobel prizes. First woman to win NPP

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Olympe de Gourges

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Womens Rights activist. Wrote "Declarartion of the Rights of Women" Kiled during reign of terror

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Raw Materials

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Unprocessed natural products used in production

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Manufacturing

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making products to sell

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Mercantalism

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The theory that a country's power depended mainly on its wealth. This theory was adopted by the Europeans in the 1500's during imperialism in the Americas. Colonies exist for Mum country

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Abolished Serfdom

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Stop Feudalism

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Maria Theresa

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This was the queen of Austria . She limited the papacy's political influence in Austria, strengthened her central bureaucracy and cautiously reduced the power that nobles had over their serfs

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Alexander II

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(r. 1855-1881) Emperor of Russia; advocated moderate reforms for Russia; emancipated the serfs

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Absolute Monarchies

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have complete authority over their subjects Hereditary

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French revolution

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This political revolution began with a peasant revolt in France in 1789. The French sought to limit the powers of the Catholic church, to weaken the power of the nobility and the monarch and strengthen the political voice of the common

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Congress of Vienna

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an international conference (1814-15) held at Vienna after Napoleon's banishment to Elba, with Metternich as the dominant figure, aimed at territorial resettlement and restoration to power of the crowned heads of Europe. France lost all lands gained by napoleoan

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Napoleon

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A French general, political leader, and emperor of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Bonaparte rose swiftly through the ranks of army and government during and after the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor in 1804. He conquered much of Europe but lost two-thirds of his army in a disastrous invasion of Russia. After his final loss to Britain and Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic Ocean.

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Latin America Liberation

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Series of rev. led by Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin

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Napoleonic Code

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Passed by Napoleon. Took away many of the rights gained by women, aimed at reestablishing the "family monarchy". Modified after Napoleon's defeat.

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Conservatism

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a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes

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Nationalism

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a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

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Balance of Power

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system that prevents any one country from dominating the others

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Crimean War

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1853-1865 Russia vs. Ottoman Empire, which was supported by Brittan and France. Fought over the Eastern Question. They have a very embarassing loose. It tells them that they need to modernize First "Modern War"

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World War I

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A war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918.

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Charles Darwin

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He was a British scientist who was most famous for developing his Theory of Evolution. Besides making a great milestone in the world of science, his theory had an effect on society, which created Social Darwinism.

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Survival of the Fittest

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Strongest will Survive oroginates in Charlie D "Origin of the Species"

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White Mans Burden

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"duty' of Europeans to spread Christanity and western civilization. Used to Justify Imperialism

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Marx and Engels

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The Communist manifesto, Economic conditions determined the nature of everything in society. Class conflict will lead to a bourgeoisie revolution.

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Proletariat

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a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

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Mass Society

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modern society characterized by universal legal rights, education, a large middle calss, and a high level of equality among classes

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Middle Class

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A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers. helped drive French Rec

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1492

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Start of Age of Exploartion

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1750

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Start of Industrialization

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1789

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Start of Revolution

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Weath of Nations

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Adam smiths classic 1776 statement of the virtues of a free-market economy

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Spirit of Laws

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Written by Montesique talking about the seperation of powers and how government should be divided up into separate branches of goverment

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1848 Rebellions

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France-would ingnte the Rev.rise of censorship and political groups Prussia- King made a constitution: Allowed personal rights, freedom of the press, bicameral legislature, adult male universal suffrage for lower house. Austria- ationalists wanted to break from the Austrian Empire, With help from Russians, the Emperor was back in power in Vienna and had put down the rebellions Germany-Unified German State Italy- against the Austrian Empire led to a call for a war of unification, headed by nationalism and was easily defeated by the Austrian forces assembled.

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Mercantilism

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the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys

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Protective Tariffs

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taxes that would make imported goods cost more than those made locally. Protect domestic companies

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Imperialism

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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

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Peter the Great

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ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia

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Meiji Restoration

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The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism.

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Westernization

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adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture. usually led to a modern society

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Ethnocentrism

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belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

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Opium Wars

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war between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges

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Marx

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founder of modern communism

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Comitee of Public safety

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Creted by national Assembly to stop the Reign of Terror and to protect from foreign and Internal Rebellion leader is Maximillien Robespierre

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Radicalization

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act or even that moves a person to action beyond the boundaries of social norms

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Boxer Rebellion

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A rebellion of Chinese who wished to end foreign involvement in China. Fists of Harmony

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Sphere of Influence

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area in which a foreign nation had special trading privileges and made laws for its own citizens

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Protectorate

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Country with its own government but under the control of an outside power

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Scramble for Africa

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Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.

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Russo-Japanese War

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Interests of Japan and Russia in Korea caused the conflict that led to Russo-Japanese war from 1904 to 1905. Japan defeated Russian troops and crushed its navy. By 1910, Japan had complete control of Korea and parts of Manchuria.

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Russian Revolution

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Prompted by labor unrest, personal liberties, and elected representatives, this political revolution occurred in 1917 when Czar Nicholas II was murdered and Vladimir Lenin sought control to implement his ideas of socialism.

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Qing

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the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries

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Lin Zexu

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Distinguished Chinese official charged with stamping out opium trade in southern China; ordered blockade of European trading areas in Canton and confiscation of opium; sent into exile following the Opium War

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Treaty of Nanjing

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1842, ended Opium war, said the western nations would determine who would trade with china, not china, so it set up the unequal treaty system which allowed western nations to own a part of chinese territory and conduct trading business in china under their own laws. This treaty set up 5 treaty ports where westerners could live, work, and be treated under their own laws. One of these were Hong Kong.

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Yi Dynasty

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Korean Dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; resotred aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence

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Treaty of Shimonoseki

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treaty that forced China to recognize the complete independence of Korea; ended the Sino-Japanese War

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The Dancing Cabinet

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Meigi Government Ministers who hosted many galas

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