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ABOLITION

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noun the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery)

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ABSORPTION

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the mental state of being preoccupied by something; complete attention; intense mental effort;the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

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ACCELERATE

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verb move faster; cause to move faster

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ACQUISITION

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noun the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something; something acquired; an ability that has been acquired by training; the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

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ADHERENCE

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noun faithful support for a religion or cause or political party; the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition

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ADVOCATE

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noun a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea; a lawyer who pleads cases in court; verb speak, plead, or argue in favour of; push for something

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AGITATION

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noun the act of agitating something; causing it to move around (usually vigorously); disturbance usually in protest; the feeling of being agitated; not calm; a state of agitation or turbulent change or development; a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance

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AGRARIAN

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adj. relating to rural matters

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ALIMONY

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noun court-ordered support paid by one spouse to another after they are separated

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ALLEGEDLY

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adv. according to what has been alleged

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ALLIANCE

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noun a formal agreement establishing an association or alliance between nations or other groups to achieve a particular aim; an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty; a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest; the state of being allied or confederated; the act of forming an alliance or confederation

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ANARCHY

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noun a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government)

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ANNEX

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noun an addition that extends a main building; verb attach to; take (territory) as if by conquest

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ANTAGONISM

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noun (biochemistry) interference in or inhibition of the physiological action of a chemical substance by another having a similar structure; an actively expressed feeling of dislike and hostility; the relation between opposing principles or forces or factors; a state of deep-seated ill-will

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APPEASEMENT

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noun the act of appeasing (as by acceding to the demands of)

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ARABLE

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adj. (of farmland) capable of being farmed productively

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ARBITRATE

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verb act between parties with a view to reconciling differences

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ARISTOCRACY

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noun the most powerful members of a society; a privileged class holding hereditary titles

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ARTICULATE

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adj. expressing yourself easily or characterized by clear expressive language; consisting of segments held together by joints; verb express or state clearly; speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way; put into words or an expression; provide with a joint

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ASCETICISM

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noun rigorous self-denial and active self-restraint; the doctrine that through renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state; the trait of great self-denial (especially refraining from worldly pleasures)

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ATHEISM

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noun a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods; the doctrine or belief that there is no God

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ATROCITY

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noun an act of atrocious cruelty; the quality of being shockingly cruel and inhumane

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AUSTERITY

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noun the trait of great self-denial (especially refraining from worldly pleasures)

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AUTHORITY

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noun official permission or approval; the power or right to give orders or make decisions; an authoritative written work; an expert whose views are taken as definitive; (usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others; freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; an administrative unit of government

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AUTOCRACY

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noun a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual; a political system governed by a single individual

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AUTONOMOUS

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adj. (of persons) free from external control and constraint in e.g. action and judgment; existing as an independent entity; (of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces

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BALANCE OF POWER

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noun an equilibrium of power between nations

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BAN

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noun an official prohibition or edict against something; a decree that prohibits something; verb prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure; forbid the public distribution of ( a movie or a newspaper); expel from a community or group; ban from a place of residence, as for punishment

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BOURGEOIS

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adj. belonging to the middle class; conforming to the standards and conventions of the middle class; (according to Marxist thought) being of the property-owning class and exploitive of the working class; noun a member of the middle class; a capitalist who engages in industrial commercial enterprise

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BUREAUCRACY

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noun any organization in which action is obstructed by insistence on unnecessary procedures and red tape; a government that is administered primarily by bureaus that are staffed with nonelective officials; nonelective government officials

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CATHEDRAL

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adj. relating to or containing or issuing from a bishop's office or throne; noun any large and important church; the principal Christian church building of a bishop's diocese

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CAUSALITY

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noun the relation between causes and effects

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CAVALRY

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noun a highly mobile army unit; troops trained to fight on horseback

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CEDE

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verb relinquish possession or control over; give over; surrender or relinquish to the physical control of another

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CHASTITY

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noun abstaining from sexual relations (as because of religious vows); morality with respect to sexual relations

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CHIVALROUS

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adj. being attentive to women like an ideal knight

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CHRONIC

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adj. being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering

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CHRONOLOGICALLY

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adv. with respect to chronology

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CLASSICAL

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adj. of or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times; of recognized authority or excellence; noun traditional genre of music conforming to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste

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CLERICAL

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adj. appropriate for or engaged in office work; of or relating to the clergy; of or relating to clerks

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COLD WAR

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noun a state of political hostility between countries using means short of armed warfare; a state of political hostility that existed from 1945 until 1990 between countries led by the Soviet Union and countries led by the United States

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COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

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noun in Jungian psychology—inborn unconscious psychic material common to humankind, accumulated by the experience of all preceding generations

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COLLECTIVIZATION

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noun the organization of a nation or economy on the basis of collectivism

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COLONIAL

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adj. composed of many distinct individuals united to form a whole or colony; of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony; of animals who live in colonies, such as ants; noun a resident of a colony

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COMMEMORATE

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verb call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony; be or provide a memorial to a person or an event; mark by some ceremony or observation

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COMMERCE

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noun transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services); social exchange, especially of opinions, attitudes, etc.; the United States federal department that promotes and administers domestic and foreign trade (including management of the census and the patent office); created in 1913

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COMMERCIAL

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adj. connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises; of the kind or quality used in commerce; average or inferior; of or relating to commercialism; noun a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television

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COMMODITY

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noun articles of commerce

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COMMONWEALTH

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noun a world organization of autonomous states that are united in allegiance to a central power but are not subordinate to it or to one another; the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico); a politically organized body of people under a single government; a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

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COMMUNISM

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noun a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society; a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership

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COMPLICATE

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verb make more complex, intricate, or richer; make more complicated

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COMPOSITION

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noun something that is created by arranging several things to form a unified whole; the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole; an essay (especially one written as an assignment); a mixture of ingredients; the act of creating written works; musical creation; the way in which someone or something is composed; art and technique of printing with movable type; a musical work that has been created

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COMPROMISE

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noun a middle way between two extremes; an accommodation in which both sides make concessions; verb settle by concession; make a compromise; arrive at a compromise; expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute

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COMPULSORY

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adj. required by rule

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CONCILIAR

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adj. of, pertaining to, or issued by a council

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CONFEDERATION

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noun the act of forming an alliance or confederation; a union of political organizations; the state of being allied or confederated

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CONFORMITY

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noun acting according to certain accepted standards; correspondence in form or appearance; orthodoxy in thoughts and belief; hardened conventionality; concurrence of opinion

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CONSOLIDATION

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noun the act of combining into an integral whole; combining into a solid mass; something that has consolidated into a compact mass

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CONTEMPORARY

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adj. belonging to the present time; characteristic of the present; occurring in the same period of time; noun a person of nearly the same age as another

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CONVENE

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verb meet formally; call together

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CONVERSION

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noun a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life; a successful free throw or try for point after a touchdown; the act of changing from one use or function or purpose to another; act of exchanging one type of money or security for another; a change in the units or form of an expression: "conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade"; interchange of subject and predicate of a proposition; a change of religion; an event that results in a transformation; (psychiatry) a defense mechanism represses emotional conflicts which are then converted into physical symptoms that have no organic basis

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COOPERATIVE

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adj. done with or working with others for a common purpose or benefit; willing to adjust to differences in order to obtain agreement; involving the joint activity of two or more; noun a jointly owned commercial enterprise (usually organized by farmers or consumers) that produces and distributes goods and services and is run for the benefit of its owners; an association formed and operated for the benefit of those using it

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CORPORATE

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adj. organized and maintained as a legal corporation; done by or characteristic of individuals acting together; of or belonging to a corporation; possessing or existing in bodily form

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COUNTERMEASURE

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noun an action taken to offset another action

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CREED

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noun any system of principles or beliefs; the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group

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CUMULATIVE

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adj. increasing by successive addition

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CURRICULUM

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noun an integrated course of academic studies

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DEFERENCE

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noun a courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard; courteous regard for people's feelings; a disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others

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DEGENERATION

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noun passing from a more complex to a simpler biological form; the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality; the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities

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DEMOCRACY

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noun the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives; a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them; the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group

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DEMOGRAPHIC

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adj. of or relating to demography; noun a statistic characterizing human populations (or segments of human populations broken down by age or sex or income etc.)

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DEPLETION

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noun the act of decreasing something markedly; the state of being depleted

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DEPRAVED

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adj. marked by immorality; deviating from what is considered right or proper or good

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DESPOT

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noun a cruel and oppressive dictator

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DIPLOMACY

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noun negotiation between nations; subtly skillful handling of a situation; wisdom in the management of public affairs

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DISARMAMENT

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noun act of reducing or depriving of arms

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DISCREPANCY

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noun a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions; an event that departs from expectations

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DISCRIMINATION

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noun unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice; the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished

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DISLOCATION

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noun the act of disrupting an established order so it fails to continue; an event that results in a displacement or discontinuity; a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)

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DISMANTLE

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verb take off or remove; take apart into its constituent pieces; tear down so as to make flat with the ground

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DISTINGUISHED

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adj. set apart from other such things; used of a person's appearance or behavior; befitting an eminent person; (used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

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DIVERT

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verb send on a course or in a direction different from the planned or intended one; withdraw (money) and move into a different location, often secretly and with dishonest intentions; turn aside; turn away from; occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion

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DIVINE

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adj. being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods; emanating from God; being or having the nature of a god; appropriate to or befitting a god; devoted to or in the service or worship of a deity; resulting from divine providence; noun terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God; a clergyman or other person in religious orders; verb search by divining, as if with a rod; perceive intuitively or through some inexplicable perceptive powers

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DOGMATIC

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adj. characterized by assertion of unproved or unprovable principles; relating to or involving dogma; of or pertaining to or characteristic of a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative

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DOMINATION

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noun social control by dominating; power to dominate or defeat

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DYNASTY

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noun a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family

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DYNASTIC

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adj. of or relating to or characteristic of a dynasty

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EFFICACY

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noun capacity or power to produce a desired effect

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EGALITARIANISM

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noun the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality

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ELITE

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adj. selected as the best; noun a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status

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EMANCIPATE

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verb give equal rights to; of women and minorities; free from slavery or servitude

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EMIGRATION

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noun migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

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EMPIRE

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noun an eating apple that somewhat resembles a McIntosh; used as both an eating and a cooking apple; a group of countries under a single authority; a monarchy with an emperor as head of state; the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised; a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization

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ENCLAVES

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noun a country, or especially, an outlying portion of a country, entirely or mostly surrounded by the territory of another country; any small, distinct area or group enclosed or isolated within a larger one

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ENCROACHMENTS

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noun an act or instance of encroaching, to advance beyond proper, established, or usual limits; make gradual inroads; to trespass upon the property, domain, or rights of another, especially stealthily or by gradual advances

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ENTREPRENEURIAL

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adj. willing to take risks in order to make a profit; of or relating to an entrepreneur

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ERADICATION

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noun the complete destruction of every trace of something

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ETHNIC

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adj. not acknowledging the God of Christianity and Judaism and Islam; denoting or deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people; noun a person who is a member of an ethnic group

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EXISTENTIALISTS

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noun a philosophical attitude associated especially with Heidegger, Jaspers, Marcel, and Sartre, and opposed to rationalism and empiricism, that stresses the individual's unique position as a self-determining agent responsible for the authenticity of his or her choices.

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EXPANSION

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noun the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope; adding information or detail; a discussion that provides additional information

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EXPLICIT

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adj. precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable; leaving nothing to implication; in accordance with fact or the primary meaning of a term

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EXPLOIT

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noun a notable achievement; verb use or manipulate to one's advantage; draw from; make good use of; work excessively hard

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EXPORT

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noun commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country; verb cause to spread in another part of the world; sell or transfer abroad

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EXTRATERRITORIALITY

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noun immunity from the jurisdiction of a nation, granted to foreign diplomatic officials foreign warships; the applicability or exercise of a sovereign's laws outside its territory

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FACILITATED

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adj. freed from difficulty or impediment

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FACTION

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noun a group or clique within a larger group, party, government, organization, or the like; party strife and intrigue; dissension

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FACTOR

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noun an independent variable in statistics; anything that contributes causally to a result; any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together; (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; an abstract part of something; a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission; one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer; verb resolve into factors

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FALLIBLE

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adj. likely to fail or make errors; having the attributes of man as opposed to e.g. divine beings

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FAMINE

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noun a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death; an acute insufficiency

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FASCISM

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noun a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)

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FEUDAL

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adj. of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism

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FILIAL

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adj. relating to or characteristic of or befitting an offspring; designating the generation or the sequence of generations following the parental generation

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FORESTALL

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verb keep from happening or arising; make impossible; act in advance of; deal with ahead of time

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FORTIFIED

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adj. having something added to increase the strength; secured with bastions or fortifications

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FORUM

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noun a public facility to meet for open discussion; a public meeting or assembly for open discussion

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FRANCHISE

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noun a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote); an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place; a business established or operated under an authorization to sell or distribute a company's goods or services in a particular area; verb grant a franchise to

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FRATERNITY

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noun a social club for male undergraduates; people engaged in a particular occupation

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FUNDAMENTAL

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adj. being or involving basic facts or principles; far-reaching and thoroughgoing in effect especially on the nature of something; serving as an essential component; noun the lowest tone of a harmonic series

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FUSION

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noun the act of fusing (or melting) together; correction of an unstable part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae; usually done surgically but sometimes done by traction or immobilization; the combining of images from the two eyes to form a single visual percept; an occurrence that involves the production of a union; a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy; the merging of adjacent sounds or syllables or words; the state of being combined into one body

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GALLIC

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adj. of or pertaining to Gaul or the Gauls; of or pertaining to France or the people of France

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GENDER

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noun a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness; the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles

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GUERRILLA

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noun a member of an irregular armed force that fights a stronger force by sabotage and harassment

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GUILD

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noun a formal association of people with similar interests

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HEGEMONY

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noun the dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over others

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HOMOGENEITY

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noun the quality of being similar or comparable in kind or nature; the quality of being of uniform throughout in composition or structure

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IDEOLOGY

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noun imaginary or visionary theorization; an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation

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IMMUTABLE

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adj. not subject or susceptible to change or variation in form or quality or nature

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IMPEDE

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verb be a hindrance or obstacle to; block passage through

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IMPERIAL

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adj. belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler; befitting or belonging to an emperor or empress; relating to or associated with an empire; noun a piece of luggage carried on top of a coach; a small tufted beard worn by Emperor Napoleon III

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IMPERIALISM

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noun any instance of aggressive extension of authority; a political orientation that advocates imperial interests; a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries

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IMPLEMENT

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noun instrumentation (a piece of equipment or tool) used to effect an end; verb apply in a manner consistent with its purpose or design; pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue; ensure observance of laws and rules

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IMPORT

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noun commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country; an imported person brought from a foreign country; having important effects or influence; a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; the message that is intended or expressed or signified; verb bring in from abroad; indicate or signify

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INCENTIVE

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noun a positive motivational influence; an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output

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INDIGENOUS

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adj. originating where it is found

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INFANTICIDE

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noun murdering an infant; a person who murders an infant

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INFER

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verb believe to be the case; guess correctly; solve by guessing; reason by deduction; establish by deduction; conclude by reasoning; in logic; draw from specific cases for more general cases

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INFLATION

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noun the act of filling something with air; (cosmology) a brief exponential expansion of the universe (faster than the speed of light) postulated to have occurred shortly after the big bang; a general and progressive increase in prices; lack of elegance as a consequence of being pompous and puffed up with vanity

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INFLUX

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noun the process of flowing in

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INHERENTLY

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adv. in an inherent manner

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INNATE

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adj. present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during fetal development; being talented through inherited qualities; not established by conditioning or learning

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INSTITUTION

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noun an establishment consisting of a building or complex of buildings where an organization for the promotion of some cause is situated; a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society; an organization founded and united for a specific purpose; the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new; a hospital for mentally incompetent or unbalanced person

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INSURRECTION

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noun organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

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INTEGRATION

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noun an operation used in the calculus whereby the integral of a function is determined; the action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community; the act of combining into an integral whole

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INTELLECTUAL

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adj. appealing to or using the intellect; of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind; of or relating to the intellect; involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; noun a person who uses the mind creatively

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INTERCONVERTIBLE

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verb to subject to interconversion; interchange

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INVESTMENT

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noun the ceremonial act of clothing someone in the insignia of an office; the formal promotion of a person to an office or rank; the act of putting on robes or vestments; outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism; money that is invested with an expectation of profit; the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

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IRRECONCILABLE

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adj. impossible to reconcile

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LEGISLATION

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noun the act of making or enacting laws; law enacted by a legislative body

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LENIENT

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adj. characterized by tolerance and mercy; not strict; tolerant or lenient

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LINGUISTIC

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adj. consisting of or related to language; of or relating to the scientific study of language

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LIQUIDATION

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noun termination of a business operation by using its assets to discharge its liabilities; the murder of a competitor; the act of exterminating

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LITERACY

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noun the ability to read and write

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LITHOGRAPH

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noun duplicator that prints by lithography; a flat surface (of stone or metal) is treated to absorb or repel ink in the desired pattern; a print produced by lithography; verb make by lithography

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LOCKOUTS

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noun the temporary closing of a business or the refusal by an employer to allow employees to come to work until they accept the employer's terms.

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LUXURY

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noun something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity; wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living; the quality possessed by something that is excessively expensive

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MANEUVER

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noun an action aimed at evading an opponent; a move made to gain a tactical end; a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill; a military training exercise; a plan for attaining a particular goal; verb act in order to achieve a certain goal; perform a movement in military or naval tactics in order to secure an advantage in attack or defense; direct the course; determine the direction of travelling

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MANORIAL

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adj. of or relating to or based on the manor

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MARITIME

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adj. bordering on or living or characteristic of those near the sea; relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen

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MASSACRE

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noun the savage and excessive killing of many people; verb kill a large number of people indiscriminately

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MERCANTILE

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adj. relating to or characteristic of trade or traders; profit oriented; of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

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METAPHYSICAL

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adj. highly abstract and overly theoretical; without material form or substance; pertaining to or of the nature of metaphysics

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MILITIA

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noun civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army; the entire body of physically fit civilians eligible by law for military service

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MILITARIZATION

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noun act of assembling and putting into readiness for war or other emergency: "mobilization of the troops"

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MISSIONARY

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adj. relating to or connected to a religious mission; noun someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program; someone sent on a mission--especially a religious or charitable mission to a foreign country

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MONARCHY

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noun an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

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MONASTICISM

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noun asceticism as a form of religious life; usually conducted in a community under a common rule and characterized by celibacy and poverty and obedience

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MONOTHEISM

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noun belief in a single God

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MORALITY

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noun concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct; motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

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MORES

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noun (sociology) the conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group

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MORTALITY

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noun the quality or state of being mortal; the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 per year

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MOSQUE

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noun (Islam) a Muslim place of worship that usually has a minaret

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MULTILATERAL

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adj. having many parts or sides

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MULTINATIONAL

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adj. involving or operating in several nations or nationalities

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MYSTICAL

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adj. having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding; relating to or characteristic of mysticism; relating to or resembling mysticism

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NATIONALISM

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noun the doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other; the doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals; the aspiration for national independence felt by people under foreign domination; love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

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NEUTRALITY

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noun nonparticipation in a dispute or war; tolerance attributable to a lack of involvement

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NUCLEAR FAMILY

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noun a family consisting of parents and their children and grandparents of a marital partner

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OBJECTIVE

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adj. belonging to immediate experience of actual things or events; undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena; emphasizing or expressing things as perceived without distortion of personal feelings, insertion of fictional matter, or interpretation; serving as or indicating the object of a verb or of certain prepositions and used for certain other purposes; noun the lens or system of lenses in a telescope or microscope that is nearest the object being viewed; the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable)

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OBLIGATION

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noun a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply; a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor; the state of being obligated to do or pay something; the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

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OBLIGATORY

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adj. morally or legally constraining or binding; required by obligation or compulsion or convention

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OBLITERATE

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adj. reduced to nothingness; verb remove completely from recognition or memory; do away with completely, without leaving a trace; make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing; mark for deletion, rub off, or erase

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ORTHODOX

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adj. adhering to what is commonly accepted; of or pertaining to or characteristic of Judaism; of or relating to or characteristic of the Eastern Orthodox Church

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OUTPUT

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noun production of a certain amount; what is produced in a given time period; the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time); final product; the things produced; signal that comes out of an electronic system; verb to create or manufacture a specific amount

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OUTSTRIP

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verb be or do something to a greater degree; go far ahead of

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PACIFISM

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noun the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration; the doctrine that all violence in unjustifiable

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PARISH

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noun a local church community; the local subdivision of a diocese committed to one pastor

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PARLEY

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noun a negotiation between enemies; verb discuss, as between enemies

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PARLIAMENTARY

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adj. having the supreme legislative power resting with a body of cabinet ministers chosen from and responsible to the legislature or parliament; in accord with rules and customs of a legislative or deliberative assembly; relating to or having the nature of a parliament

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PARLIAMENT

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noun a legislative assembly in certain countries; a card game in which you play your sevens and other cards in sequence in the same suit as the sevens; you win if you are the first to use all your cards

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PARTITION

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noun a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another); (computer science) the part of a hard disk that is dedicated to a particular operating system or application and accessed as a single unit; the act of dividing or partitioning; separation by the creation of a boundary that divides or keeps apart; verb separate or apportion into sections; divide into parts, pieces, or sections

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PATRIARCHAL

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adj. characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line; relating to or characteristic of a man who is older or higher in rank

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PATRONIZED

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adj. having patronage or clients

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PENETRATING

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adj. tending to penetrate; having the power of entering or piercing; having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

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PERISH

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verb pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

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PERSECUTION

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noun the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

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PHILOSOPHY

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noun any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation; the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics; a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

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PILGRIMAGE

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noun a journey to a sacred place

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PLAGUE

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noun an annoyance; any large scale calamity (especially when thought to be sent by God); any epidemic disease with a high death rate; a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal; a swarm of insects that attack plants; verb annoy continually or chronically; cause to suffer a blight

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POLEMICS

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noun the branch of Christian theology devoted to the refutation of errors

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POLYTHEISTIC

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adj. worshipping or believing in more than one god

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PRAGMATISM

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noun (philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value; the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth

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PRECIPITATE

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adj. done with very great haste and without due deliberation; noun a precipitated solid substance in suspension or after settling or filtering; verb separate as a fine suspension of solid particles; hurl or throw violently; bring about abruptly; fall vertically, sharply, or headlong; fall from clouds

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PREDOMINANT

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adj. having superior power and influence; most frequent or common

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PRENATAL

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adj. occurring or existing before birth

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PREREQUISITE

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adj. required as a prior condition or course of study; noun something that is required in advance

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PRESTIGE

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noun a high standing achieved through success or influence or wealth etc.

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PRETEXT

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noun something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason; an artful or simulated semblance

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PRIMAL

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adj. having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state; serving as an essential component

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PRIVILEGE

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noun a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all; (law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship; a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right); verb bestow a privilege upon

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PROCLAIM

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verb state or announce; declare formally; declare someone to be something; of titles; praise, glorify, or honor; affirm or declare as an attribute or quality of

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PROFITEERING

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noun a person who seeks or exacts exorbitant profits, especially through the sale of scarce or rationed goods

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PROHIBITED

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adj. forbidden by law; excluded from use or mention

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PROLETARIAT

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noun a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

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PROPAGANDA

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noun information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause

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PROSPERITY

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noun the condition of prospering; having good fortune; an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

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PROTECTIONISM

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noun the policy of imposing duties or quotas on imports in order to protect home industries from overseas competition

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PRUDENT

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adj. careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

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PUBERTY

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noun the time of life when sex glands become functional

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RADICAL

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adj. (used of opinions and actions) far beyond the norm; markedly new or introducing radical change; noun a person who has radical ideas or opinions;

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RATIONAL

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adj. having its source in or being guided by the intellect (distinguished from experience or emotion); consistent with or based on or using reason; capable of being expressed as a quotient of integers; of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind; noun an integer or a fraction

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RECONCILE

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verb come to terms; bring into consonance or accord; make compatible with; accept as inevitable

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REIGN

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noun royal authority; the dominion of a monarch; the period during which a monarch is sovereign; a period during which something or somebody is dominant or powerful; verb have sovereign power; be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

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REGIME

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noun (medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet); the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

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RELEVANT

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adj. having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue

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RELIANCE

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noun certainty based on past experience; the state of relying on something

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RELICS

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noun a surviving memorial of something past; an object having interest by reason of its age or its association with the past; a surviving trace of something; remaining parts or fragments; something kept in remembrance

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REPARATIONS

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noun the making of amends for wrong or injury done; compensation in money, material, labor, payable by a defeated country to another country or to an individual for loss suffered during or as a result of war

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REPRESSION

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noun the act of repressing; control by holding down; (psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious; a state of forcible subjugation

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REPUBLICAN

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adj. having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; relating to or belonging to the Republican Party; noun a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas; an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy); a member of the Republican Party

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REPULSIVE

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adj. possessing the ability to repel; so extremely ugly as to be terrifying; offensive to the mind

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RESURGENT

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adj. rising again as to new life and vigor

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REVENUE

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noun the entire amount of income before any deductions are made; government income due to taxation

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REVERE

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noun American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818); a lapel on a woman's garment; turned back to show the reverse side; verb love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol; regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

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REVIVALISM

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noun an attempt to reawaken the evangelical faith

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RIGOROUSLY

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adv. in a rigorous manner

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RIVALRY

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noun the act of competing as for profit or a prize

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SANCTION

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noun authoritative permission or approval, as for an action; something that serves to support an action, condition; something that gives binding force, as to an oath, rule of conduct

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SECULAR

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adj. concerning those not members of the clergy; noun someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person

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SERF

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noun (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

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SKEPTICISM

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noun doubt about the truth of something; the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge

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SOCIALISM

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noun a political theory advocating state ownership of industry; an economic system based on state ownership of capital

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SPONSOR

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noun someone who supports or champions something; an advocate who presents a person (as for an award or a degree or an introduction etc.); verb assume sponsorship of; assume responsibility for or leadership of; do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

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STABLE

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adj. maintaining equilibrium; not taking part readily in chemical change; firm and dependable; subject to little fluctuation; resistant to change of position or condition; showing little if any change; noun a farm building for housing horses or other livestock; verb shelter in a stable

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STAGNANT

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adj. not growing or changing; without force or vitality; not circulating or flowing

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STRATEGIC

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adj. highly important to or an integral part of a strategy or plan of action especially in war; relating to or concerned with strategy

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STUPA

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noun a dome-shaped shrine erected by Buddhists

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SUBLIMATION

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noun (psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptable; (chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

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SUBSIDIZE

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verb support through subsidies; secure the assistance of by granting a subsidy, as of nations or military forces

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SUCCESSION

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noun acquisition of property by descent or by will; the action of following in order; a group of people or things arranged or following in order; (ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established; a following of one thing after another in time

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SUFFRAGE

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noun a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment

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SUPEREGO

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noun (psychoanalysis) that part of the unconscious mind that acts as a conscience

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SUPERPOWER

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noun a state powerful enough to influence events throughout the world

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SUPRANATIONAL

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adj. transcending established national boundaries or spheres of interest

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SYNDICATE

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noun a group of individuals or organizations combined or making a joint effort to undertake some specific duty or carry out specific transactions or negotiations

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SYSTEMATIC

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adj. characterized by order and planning; not haphazard

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TARIFF

answer

noun a government tax on imports or exports; verb charge a tariff

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TEMPLE

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noun place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity; an edifice devoted to special or exalted purposes; the flat area on either side of the forehead; (Judaism) the place of worship for a Jewish congregation

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TENET

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noun a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof

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TENURE

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noun the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands; the term during which some position is held; verb give life-time employment to

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THEOCRACY

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noun the belief in government by divine guidance; a political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided)

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THEORY

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noun a belief that can guide behavior; a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena

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TOLERANCE

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noun the act of tolerating something; the power or capacity of an organism to tolerate unfavorable environmental conditions; willingness to recognize and respect the beliefs or practices of others; a disposition to allow freedom of choice and behavior; a permissible difference; allowing some freedom to move within limits

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TOTALITARIANISM

answer

noun the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government; a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

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TRADITION

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noun an inherited pattern of thought or action; a specific practice of long standing

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TRANSATLANTIC

answer

adj. crossing the Atlantic Ocean

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TRANSMUTATION

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noun an act that changes the form or character or substance of something; (physics) the change of one chemical element into another (as by nuclear decay or radioactive bombardment); a qualitative change

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UNION

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adj. being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War; of trade unions; noun the act of making or becoming a single unit; a device on a national flag emblematic of the union of two or more sovereignties (typically in the upper inner corner); the occurrence of a uniting of separate parts; a set containing all and only the members of two or more given sets; an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer; a political unit formed from previously independent people or organizations; the United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War); healing process involving the growing together of the edges of a wound or the growing together of broken bones; the state of being joined or united or linked; the act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes; the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

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UNITY

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noun the quality of being united into one; an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting

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UNSCRUPULOUS

answer

adj. without scruples or principles

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URBAN

answer

adj. located in or characteristic of a city or city life; relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area

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UTILITARIANISM

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noun doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number

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VERNACULAR

answer

adj. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language; noun the everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language); a characteristic language of a particular group (as among thieves)

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VENERATE

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verb regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

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VILE

answer

adj. morally reprehensible; causing or able to cause nausea

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VORACIOUS

answer

adj. devouring or craving food in great quantities; excessively greedy and grasping

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