AP World History Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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One of the biggest financial problems of the later Mauryan period was the ruler's decision to:
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debase the currency
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After the collapse of the Mauryan Empire, India:
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returned to a series of regional kingdoms
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Politically, the Guptas:
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left local government and administration in the hands of their allies
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The eventual collapse of the Gupta state was partially caused by an invasion by the:
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white huns
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The success and timing of trade, through the Indian Ocean basin, largely depended on:
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understanding the rhythms of the monsoon winds
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The two great Indian epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana,
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commonly portrayed women as weak-willed and emotional creatures
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One of the most pronounced examples of patriarchal dominance in ancient India was:
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the common practice of child marriage
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The greatest social contribution of the Jains was:
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the fact that they did not recognize social hierarchies based on caste
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The Buddha believed that salvation came from:
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leading a balanced and moderate life
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The fundamental doctrine of Buddhism was known as the:
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four noble truths
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Ashoka
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the grandson of chandragupta who came to rule the mauryan empire. he conquered kalinga and ruled in a tight bureaucaracy. when he died, his empire declined and disappeared due to financial problems
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Chandragupta Maurya
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laid the foundation for the mauryan empire to become the first state to bring a centralized and unified government to most of the indian subcontinent. he left his throne to become a monk and led an ascetic life - he eventually starved himself to death
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Rock and Pillar Edicts
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edicts on rocks or pillars that ashoka had ordered to be erected in order for him to communicate his policies throughout his realm. on the rock and pillar edicts, ashoka issued imperial decrees, encouraged people to observe Buddhist values, and expressed how he wanted to be a fair and humane ruler
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Edict of Toleration
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an edict by ashoka, along with the rock and pillar edicts, taht promoted religious tolerance. members of another religion would not be persecuted for engaging in their religion
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Siddharta Guatama
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the founder of buddhism who gave up his posision and inheritance to seek salvation. he spent 49 days under a bo tree until he understood suffering and how humans can eliminate it from the world. he then became buddha "the enlightened one"
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Bhagavad Gita
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a short poetic work that illustrates both the expectations that hinduism made of individuals and the promise of salvation to them. it took its final form in 400 C.E. although the date of its composition is uncertain
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Hinyana
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"the lesser vehicle", a term for teh earlier and stricter doctrine called theraveda buddhism. it is the opposite of mahyan "the greater vehicle" that carried more people to salvation
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Theraveda
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the earlier and stricter form of buddhism. it did not disappera, but most buddhists chose to ride the greater vehicle to salvation: mahayana
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Kautalya
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an advisor who devised for the governing of chandragupta's realm. some of his advice is in the indian political handbook the arthashastra. he also helped chandragupta to build a bureaucratic administrative system for the mauryan empire
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jainism
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believed that only by purification from selfish behavior could souls attain a state of bliss. the got most of their doctrines from the upanishads. jainist ethics were demanding so few people other than devout monks obseved them. jains didnt recognize social hirarchis becaus all things has souls so there is no need to divide them into castes.
