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Buddhism is unlike Hinduism in this way

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it has a founder

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principal religion of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar

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Buddhism

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founder of Buddhism; born in Nepal

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Siddhartha Gautama

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received a prophecy that said Siddhartha Gautama would become a great teacher or emperor; sheltered him so he would become a soldier

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Buddha's father

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how old Siddhartha was when he left the palace walls

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29

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Siddhartha set out on a quest to remedy this in life

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pervasive sorrow

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Siddhartha traveled for six years as this; practicing severe self-discipline

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ascetic

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where Siddhartha Gautama began to meditate to become enlightened

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tree at Bodh Gaya

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revealed tempations given by this spirit to be illusions through a hand movement (mudra)

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Mara

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He Who Has Awakened

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the Buddha

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How many days did Buddha meditate before becoming enlightened?

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49

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where Buddha delivered his first sermon

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Deer Park at Sarnath

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Right views, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right recollection, and right meditation

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Noble Eightfold Path

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right living could bring release from the cycle of mortality and pain and entry into this; a kind of blissful nothingness

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Nirvana

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Buddha taught that there is no

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God

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age that Buddha died; 483 bce

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80

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open to men of all castes; drew antagonism of brahmins

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Sangha

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today Buddhist nuns exist only here

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Tibet

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used to beg for their livings, but increasingly got richer through money and land donations; contact with outside people has decreased

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Monks

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Buddhist shrines

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Caityas

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heavy emphasis on benevolence or

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Metta

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heavy emphasis on ______ and _______

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nonviolence and tolerance of all religions

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heavy emphasis on proper behavior or

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Dharma

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fourth general council codified the key principals for this branch of Buddhism at Kashmir; prevails today in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia except for Vietnam

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Theravada

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"The Greater Vehicle"

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Mahayana

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"being of wisdom"; postponed Nirvana to be reincarnated to another human form for the well-being of other humans in Mahayana Buddhism

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Bodhisattva

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Mahayana Buddhism teaches that this can be achieved through good deeds and transferred to others

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religious merit

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Mahayana heaven presided over by this person; had lived on earth and now become a father in heaven

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Amitabha Buddha

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suffering servant who will come to redeem humanity

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Maitreya Buddha

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believed in multiple heavens and multiple forms of the Buddha presiding over them

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Mahayana Buddhism

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one of the three aspects of Buddha according to Mahayana Buddhists: Buddha in heaven

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Amitabha

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one of the three aspects of Buddha according to Mahayana Buddhists: historical Buddha on earth

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Gautama

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one of the three aspects of Buddha according to Mahayana Buddhists: most revered of all the bodhisattvas, freely moving

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Avalokiteshvara

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Theravada preferred this language for their texts

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Pali

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Mahayana used this language for their texts in India wishing to appeal to the upper classes more

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Sanskrit

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Mahayana theologist; elaborated Buddhist philosophies and debated directly with brahmin priests

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Nagarjuna

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Buddhist monasteries est. educational programs at these two places

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Nalanda in Bihar and Taxila

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When did Buddhism start to decline in India?

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around the fall of the Gupta Empire

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people in India saw a lot of similarities between these two religions and didn't bother to make a distinction

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Buddhism and Hinduism

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Buddhists throughout history relied on these people to do their life cycle ceremonies (another reason for decline of Buddhism in India)

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brahmin Hindu priests

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This evolved and became more attractive to Buddhists

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Hinduism

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Hinduism had a tradition of this; it included the acceptance of Buddha in their religion in a reincarnated form of Vishnu

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syncretism

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these people took over the silk route and eventually invaded India; they eradicated Buddhism in India because they didn't wish to coexist with it; Hinduism survived these peoples because it was more deeply rooted into Indian culture

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Muslims

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a teacher of Jainism at about the same time as Buddha who guided the religion into its modern form

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Mahavir

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Mahavir's designation of conquerer

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Jina

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follow eternal law of ethical treatment of others to reach nirvana

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Jains

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Buddhism arrived in China by

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Silk Route

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First Chinese monastery est. here

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Luoyang

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most notable pilgrims to visit the land of the Buddha and take notes on it

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Faxian and Xuanzang

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Mahayana Buddhism took root in China after this dynasty fell

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Han

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Mahayana Buddhism attracted this group in China; they had slight competition, but that often led to recognition of one another

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Daoists

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held a special appeal for rulers of Northern China because they were also outsiders (Toba rulers of Wei Dynasty)

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Buddhism

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brought down by the Han dynasty because they had lost the mandate and this philosophy was very closely connected with government at that time

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Confucianism

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declared Buddhism the official state religion in Liang (southern China)

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Emperor Wu

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thought in terms of order and control

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Confucians

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tended toward decentralized congregational worship within a loose doctrinal framework

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Buddhists

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eight different sects of Buddhism emerged under this dynasty, each with a different interpretation of the religion and its message

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Tang

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meditative exercises of Chan Buddhism (emphasized the importance of meditation to achieve enlightenement) became known as

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Zen

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believed anyone could reach paradise after death through faith in Buddha Amitabha

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Pure Land Buddhism

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Buddhists invented this as a means of producing their religious texts

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woodblock printing

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earliest woodblock printing is an illustrated copy of ______ from 868 ce

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Diamond Sutra

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only woman to ever rule China in her own name; used Buddhism to legitamize her rule; said she was a reincarnation of Maitreya, the buddha of future salvation

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Emperor Wu

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became the world religion of most of Central Asia

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Islam

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only place that still supported Buddhism by state power

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Tibet

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"vehicle of the thunderbolt"; came later in Eastern India to Tibet

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Vajrayana Buddhism

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another name for Vajrayana Buddhism; named for its scriptures advocating magic rituals; venerated not only Buddhas, but also their female counterparts

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Tantric Buddhism

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scriptures advocating magic rituals

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tantras

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was a Daoist and attacked Buddhism because he was personally opposed to it; during the Tang dynasty;

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Emperor Wuzong

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Japanese people followed "The Way of The Kami" otherwise known as ______ before Buddhism arrived

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Shinto

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powers and spirits inherent in nature

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Kamis

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Buddhism first came to Japan from China through this kingdom of Korea

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Paekche

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was seen as a way of performing miracles and healing the sick

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Buddhism in Japan

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Buddhism found acceptance at a political level under this guy

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Prince Shotoku Taishi

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Where Japan moved their capital city to and modeled after China's capital of Chang'an

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Nara

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these two religions coexist in Japan

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Shinto and Buddhism

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taught that each person could reach elightenment through sincere religious devotion on Japan

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Tendai

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one of the most important temple communities in Japan

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Enryakuji monastery

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became increasingly entwined with Japanese politics after having to fight alongside Shinto's for their land rights to keep their temples on

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Buddhist clergy

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intended his monastery to remain aloof from politics

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Saicho

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"True Word" Buddhism; introduced by Kukai

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Shingon

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Japanese script in phonetic letters rather than ideograms; founded by Kukai

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kana syllabry

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formula of utterances of words and sounds that are believed to possess spiritual power (practice of both Hinduism and Buddhism) (sayings to live by)

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Mantras

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symbolic circular diagram of complex geometric design used as an instrument of meditation or in the performance of sacred rites in Hinduism and Buddhism

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Mandala

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character or figure in a writing system in which the idea of a thing is represented rather than its name

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ideogram

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form of Chinese Buddhism that influenced Japan; Buddha of infinite light

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Amitabha Buddhism

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emphasis on martial arts made is attractive to the increasingly powerful Buddhist class

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Zen or Chan Buddhism

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one of the ways in which Buddhism had a lasting effect on Japanese culture; many forms of it

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art and aesthetic dimension

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one of the ways in which Buddhism had a lasting effect on Japanese culture; Tale of Genji to novels of Mishima Yukio

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literature

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one of the ways in which Buddhism had a lasting effect on Japanese culture; religion

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blended and coexisted with Shinto

AP World History Chapter 9: Buddhism – Flashcards

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