AP World History chapter 27 – Flashcards
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Religion, based on Four Noble Truths, associated with Siddhartha Gautama (563--483 B.C.E.), or the Buddha; its adherents desired to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana.
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Buddhism
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Japanese puppet theater.
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Bunraku
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Religion emerging from Middle East in the first century C.E. holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf of mankind.
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Christianity
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Philosophy, based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (551-479 B.C.E.), or Confucius, that emphasizes order, the role of the gentleman, obligation to society, and reciprocity.
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Confucianism
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Powerful territorial lords in early modern Japan.
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Daimyo
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European knowledge that reached Tokugawa Japan.
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Dutch learning
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Term for centers of urban culture in Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate.
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Floating Worlds
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Group founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540 that maintained high educational standards and served worldwide as missionaries.
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Jesuits
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Japanese theater in which actors were free to improvise and embellish the words.
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Kabuki
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Manchurians who conquered China, putting an end to the Ming dynasty and founding the Qing dynasty (1644-1911).
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Manchus
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Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population.
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Mandate of Heaven
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Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) founded by Hongwu and known for its cultural brilliance.
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Ming
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Only city in Japan open to the outside world where only Dutch merchants were permitted to trade.
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Nagasaki
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Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought; most important of the early Neo-Confucianists was the Chinese thinker Zhu Xi (1130-1200).
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Neo-Confucianism
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System of social organization in which males dominate the family and where public institutions, descent, and succession are traced through the male line.
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Patriarchy
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Chinese dynasty (1644-1911) that reached its peak during the reigns of Kangxi and Qianlong.
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Qing
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Civil servants, selected through rigorous examinations and schooled in Confucian texts and calligraphy, who governed the Chinese empire of the Qing dynasty.
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Scholar-Bureaucrats
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Indigenous Japanese religion that emphasizes purity, clan loyalty, and the divinity of the emperor.
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Shintoism
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Japanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor.
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Shogun
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Last shogunate in Japanese history (1600-1867); it was founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu who was notable for unifying Japan.
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Tokugawa
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Japanese word for the "floating worlds," a Buddhist term for the insignificance of the world that came to represent the urban centers in Tokugawa Japan.
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Ukiyo
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Chinese Ming emperor (r. 1572-1620) whose refusal to meet with officials hurried the decline of Ming dynasty.
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Wanli
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Neo-Confucian Chinese philosopher (1130-1200).
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Zhu Xi
