AP World History Ch. 8 – Flashcards
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Stateless societies
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Societies of varying sizes organized through kinship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states.
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Maghrib
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Arabic term for western North Africa
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Almoravids
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A puritanical Islamic reform movement among the Berbers of northwest Africa; built am empire from the Africa savanna to Spain
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Almohads
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A later puritanical Islamic reform movement among the Berbers of northwest Africa; also built an empire reaching from the african savanna to spain
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Ethiopia
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A Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa
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Lalibela
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13th century ebiopian ruler; built great rock churches
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Sahel
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The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the sahara; an exchange region between the forest to the south and north Africa
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Sudanic states
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States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways
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Mali
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State of the Malinke people centered between sneak and Niger rivers
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Juula
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Malinke merchants who traded throughout he Mali empire and west Africa
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Mansa
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Title of the ruler of Mali
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Kankan Musa
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Made a pilgrimage to Mecca during the 14 th century that became legendary because of the wealth distributed along the way.
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Ishak al-Sahili
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An architect who returned the Kankan Musa to Mali; created a distinctive Sudanic architecture utilizing beaten clay.
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Sundiata
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Created a unified state that became he Mali empire; dies in 1260.
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Griots
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Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings.
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Timbuktu
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Niger River port to city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university
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Songhay
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Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao
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Hausa states
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States, such Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria, combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs
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Zanj
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Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa
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East African trading ports
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Urbanizing commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures, including Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilawa, Pate, Zanzibar.
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Ibn Batutu
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Muslim traveler who described African societies and cultures
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Demographic transition
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The change from slow to rapid population growth; often asociated with industrialization; occured fist in Europe and is more characteristic of the "developed world".
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Yoruba
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Highly urbanized Nigerian agriculturalists organized into small city-states, as Oyo, under the authority of regional divine kings presiding over elaborate curts.
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Benin
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Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo Apeople during the 14th century; famous forbids bronze art work.
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Kongo kingdom
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Large agricultural state on the lower Congo River; capital at Mbanza Congo.
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zimbabwe
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Central African royal stone courts.
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Great Zimbabwe
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With massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greater early buildings in sub-Saharah Africa.
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Mwene Mutapa
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Ruler of Great Zimbabwe; controlled large territory reaching to the Indian Ocean.
