AP World History Ch. 4 – Flashcards
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How did Persian and Greek civilizations differ in their political organization and values?
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The Persians had a large, very centralized government, run by a single monarch, whereas the Greeks had a looser, more democratic, people based political structure.
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Why did semi democratic governments emerge in some of the Greek city-states?
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The people wanted equality. They wanted a voice and the government listened.
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What were the consequences for both sides of the encounter between the Persians and the Greeks?
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The battle led to a civil war in Greece and the Persians were defeated and lost hundreds of men to the Greeks.
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What changes did Alexander's conquests bring in their wake?
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The Greek culture was spread throughout the middle east, including language.
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How did Rome grow from a single city to the center of a huge empire?
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The people overthrew their monarch and began a hierarchy of wealth, the richest people made up the upper, dominating class.
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How and why did the making of the Chinese empire differ from that of the Roman Empire?
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The Chinese empire came from different beginnings because they already had an empire that they were simply restoring, whereas Rome was starting from scratch.
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In comparing the Roman and Chinese empires, which do you find more striking - their similarities or their differences?
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They had mostly noticeable similarities, including their common ideas about religion. They both believed in the supernatural. They also shared public works ideas, with roads and bridges and such.
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How did the collapse of empire play out differently in the Roman world and in China?
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In China, the entire empire collapsed, while only half of the Roman Empire collapsed. Also, the nomads completely banished the dynasty system in China, but did not in Rome.
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Why were centralized empires so much less prominent in India than in China?
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There were common invasions from Asia that made it difficult to contain a centralized form of government.
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Persian Empire
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One of the largest empires in its' day (500 BCE). It was notable for its large, centralized government and its almighty rulers.
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Athenian Democracy
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An early form of democracy that took place in Ancient Greece. It was very people orientated and it gave the citizens of Athens a voice.
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Greco Persian Wars
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A conflict between the divided Greek city-states and the large, powerful Persian empire. It arose as a territorial dispute, but the war eventually united the Greek city-states against one common enemy.
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Alexander the Great
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Leader of the most powerful conquest around 300 BCE. He conquered most of Southern Asia and was only in his 20s at the time.
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Hellenistic Era
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refers to a rise in culture and the arts after Alexanders death. It mostly involved the spread of Greek culture.
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Caesar Augustus
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The first leader of the Roman Empire. He began a tradition of the divine ruler, the emperor of Rome.
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Pax Romana
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Refers to the time of Rome's greatest jurisdiction over its' area as well as a time of peace and prosperity.
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Qin Shihuangdi
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A Chinese ruler that successfully reunited the various, competing Chinese states.
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Han Dynasty
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A Chinese dynasty that held the power from 206 BCE to 220 CE. Known for creating a functioning state.
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Mauryan Empire
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A prominent Indian empire from around 322 BCE to185 BCE.
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Ashoka
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A famous leader of the Mauryan empire who left a series of inscriptions around India.`
