A&P Test questions ch 2-3 – Flashcards
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Ionic bond
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complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another
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A 23-year-old male was riding his road bike in 100-degree heat, when he suddenly became nauseated and weak. He called 911 from his cell phone. When the ambulance came, the paramedics started intravenous therapy for severe dehydration. Which physical property and which physiological role of water caused the dehydration, and why?
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High heat of vaporization; water was lost when evaporating from the skin to cool the body.
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Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?
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high heat of vaporization
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The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are ________.
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carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
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What are the two fundamental roles of DNA?
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to provide the instructions for protein synthesis, and replicate itself before cell division
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The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.
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sequence of the nucleotides
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Which of the following names the three main parts of a human cell?
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cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus
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The plasma membrane is made primarily of ________.
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phospholipids
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A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.
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swell and burst
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If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?
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the cells will lose water and shrink.
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Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in ________.
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a hypertonic solution
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What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
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They are the main sites of ATP production (powerplants of the cell)
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Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
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ribosomes
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They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells.
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cilia
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Your patient has a respiratory disease that has literally paralyzed the cilia. Why would this patient be at an increased risk for a respiratory infection?
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If cilia are paralyzed then mucus-containing particles, including bacteria, will remain in the lungs and may cause a respiratory infection.
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fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?
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microvilli
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The main component of the cytosol is ________.
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water
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If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?
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UGCAA
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division of the nucleus
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mitosis
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dividing the cytoplasm
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cytokinesis
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A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells
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phagocytosis
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the cell provides the metabolic energy (ATP) needed to move substances across the plasma membrane (against their concentration gradient)
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active transport
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substances cross the plasma membrane (down their concentration gradient) using kinetic energy, without any energy input from the cell.
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passive transport
