A&P Respiratory: Chapter 22 – Flashcards
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Which of the following plays a role in removing particles such a dust from inspired air?
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ciliated mucous lining in the nose
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The nose serves all of the following functions EXCEPT _____.
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as the direct initiator of the cough reflex
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Select the correct statement about the pharynx.
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The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube drains into the nasopharynx.
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The adenoids normally destroy pathogens because they contain _____.
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lymphocytes
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Which of these structures is/are NOT properly matched with one of its/their functions?
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paranasal sinuses: surface for odor receptors
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Which of the following is the region where the respiratory path has to cross the digestive pathway?
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pharynx
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Smoking diminishes ciliary action and eventually destroys the cilia.
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true
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The Heimlich maneuver is a procedure in which air in the lungs in used to expel a piece of food that obstructs the opening to the trachea.
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true
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Which of the following is/are part(s) of the respiratory zone structures?
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alveoli
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Which of the following is a conducting zone structure?
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terminal bronchiole
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Which structure is lined with simple squamous epithelium?
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alveolus
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The respiratory membrane is a combination of _____.
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alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
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Which of the following maintains the potency (openness) of the trachea?
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C-shaped cartilage rings
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The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to _____.
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secrete surfactant
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The main site of gas exchange is the ____.
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alveoli
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What structure prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea?
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epiglottis
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Which of the following would NOT be helpful in identifying the left lung?
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a horizontal fissure
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Which of the choices below is NOT a role of the pleurae?
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assist in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs
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The indentation on the medial surface of each lung through which pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and leave is called the ______.
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hilum
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Which of the following descriptions accurately describes Boyle's law?
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The pressure of gas in your lungs is inversely proportional to the volume in your lungs.
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Which muscles, when contracted, would increase the volume of air in the thoracic cavity?
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diaphragm and external intercostals
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Which pressure is the result of the natural tendency of the lungs to decrease their size (because of elasticity) and the opposing tendency of the thoracic wall to pull outward and enlarge the lungs?
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intrapleural pressure
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During an allergic reaction, which of the following would aid respiration?
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epinephrine
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If the transpulmonary pressure equals zero, what will happen to the lung?
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lungs will collapse
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Intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli.
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true
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Which of the following is NOT a physical factor that influences pulmonary ventilation?
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partial pressure of oxygen in the air
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Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by _____.
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interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
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The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by _____.
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Boyle's law
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Using spirometry, a patient discover their forced expiratory volume (FEV) after the first second is 40%. What does this suggest?
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obstructive pulmonary disease
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Inspiratory capacity is _____.
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the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration
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The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ____.
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vital capacity
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Increased temperature results in decreased O2 unloading from hemoglobin.
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true
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The largest among of carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream in the form of carbonic anhydrase.
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false
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Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes mechanisms of CO2 transport?
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attached to the heme part of the hemoglobin
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How is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood?
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as bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells
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Which of the following best describes the chloride shift as seen in the figure?
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Chloride rushes into RBCs to counterbalance the outflow of bicarbonate.
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What is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport?
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as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
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What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant in a healthy person?
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arterial blood carbon dioxide level
