AP Psychology Schools of Psychology Practice Test – Flashcards
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"I am primarily interested in thinking processes; I am a __________ psychologist."
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cognitive
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Like Carl Rogers, I believe people choose to live more creative and meaningful lives. My name is
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Maslow
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Comparative psychologists are primarily interested in
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animal behavior
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Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?
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Max Wertheimer
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Of the following, who is a humanistic psychologist?
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Abraham Maslow
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A psychologist performs the following experiment: she gives subjects photographs of female faces and asks them to rate the attractiveness of each face. However, some of the subjects have just had to take a very difficult math test, while others have taken a very easy math test. The psychologist would probably be a __________ psychologist.
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developmental
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According to John Watson, introspection was
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unscientific
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One of the reasons to study psychology is
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to understand the human mind and how it works
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A psychologist who studies family dynamics and their effects on behavior of individuals in different regions would probably be a __________ psychologist.
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cultural
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Which of the following psychological theories is known as the one that emphasizes "free will"?
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humanistic psychology
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The study of similarities and differences in the behavior of different species is called
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comparative psychology
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What is a covert behavior?
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Covert behaviors are those which go on inside the skin. They include such private events as thinking and imagining.
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What is an overt behavior?
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Overt behaviors are those which are directly observable, such as talking, running, scratching or blinking.
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Brain mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a
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learning theorist
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"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is represented by which of the following?
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the Gestalt psychologists
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The goals of psychology are to
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describe, predict, understand, and control behavior
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Freud believed that all thoughts and actions are determined by
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forces in the personality that are often unconscious
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The largest area of specialization among psychologists is
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clinical and counseling
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The term cognition refers to
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thinking or knowing
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Barbara is applying conditioning principles to teach language skills to retarded children. As a psychologist, her point of view appears to be
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behaviorist
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Strict behaviorists were criticized for overlooking the role that __________ plays in our lives.
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thinking
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A psychologist who is "eclectic" can best be described as
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drawing from many psychological approaches
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The study of mental processes such as thinking, perception, information processing, etc. is a key element in __________ psychology.
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cognitive
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Overt behavior is
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only those things a person does which you can see
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Which area in psychology would be most likely to study the phenomenon of "peer influence"?
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social
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Psychologists are all
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either scientists or practitioners
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If you were to walk into a laboratory where the effects of intense punishment on a rat's ability to form a discrimination was being studied, you would be in the lab of a __________ psychologist.
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learning
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Maslow proposed a need to develop one's potential and be the best one can be, which he called
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self-actualization
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The psychodynamic view emphasizes the role of __________ in development.
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internal impulses, desires, and conflicts
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Psychology is
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes of any living creature
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Who was a structuralist?
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Some modern psychodynamic theorists, or neo-Freudians, focused on
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social motives and relationships that influence our behavior
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Some topics in psychology are difficult to study because
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of ethical considerations
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Behaviorism helped make psychology a
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science
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Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that psychiatrists
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are physicians with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy
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Developmental psychologists study the effects of __________ on behavior.
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aging
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The kind of therapy developed by Freud is called
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psychoanalysis
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Freud stressed the role of __________ in shaping our personalities.
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the unconcious
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The "father" of psychology and founder of the first psychological laboratory was
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Wilhelm Wundt
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You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. The psychologist talks to you about your past and attempts to link your present situation with patterns developed in your childhood during your relationship with your parents. The psychologist would probably belong to which school of psychology?
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psychodynamic psychology
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The structuralist school of psychology
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used introspection to analyze conscious experience
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"Experience cannot be analyzed successfully into its elements" would likely be said by a
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Gestalt psychology
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The key idea in the behavioristic view is that
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behavior is shaped and controlled by one's environment
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Evolutionary psychologists would study
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historical behavior of a single species
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A practitioner who is intensively trained in the theories of Freud and treats patients by talking to them is probably a
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psychoanalyst
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You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. The psychologist focuses on those activities you engage in currently around which you feel depressed, and she talks with you about changing these activities and thoughts that make you feel "down" and doing things which make you happy. This psychologist would probably belong to the __________ school of psychology.
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behaviorist
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A social scientist who characterizes his/her work as the study of the relationship between environmental events and the behavior they produce without regard for experience or consciousness is a
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behaviorist
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The APA professional code stresses
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high levels of competence, integrity, and responsibility
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A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic
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believes behavior is directed by forces within one's personality which are often unconscious
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You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you make in your life and that you could make in your life. This psychologist would probably belong to the __________ school of psychology.
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humanistic
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A psychologist who studies gender issues focuses on
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learning the differences between the sexes and how they develop
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__________ psychology is concerned with thinking, language, and problem solving.
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Cognitive
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Eclectic psychologists are known for
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drawing on a variety of theoretical views
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Psychology is considered a science because it
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relies on direct observation and measurement of behavior
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Covert behavior is
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only those things which are not observable by others
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The proper use of reward, punishment, and behavior modification are results of
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behaviorism
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The eclectic approach
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embraces a variety of theoretical views
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Repression refers to
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thoughts actively held out of awareness
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Psychologists use animals in experiments in order to
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investigate problems that cannot be studied with human subjects in order to discover principles that apply to humans
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A common sense approach to psychology is
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often contradicted by empirical evidence
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Who developed the humanistic approach in psychology?
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Rogers
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William James wrote Principles of Psychology and founded
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functionalism
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__________ focus their work on the attempt to explain all behavior in terms of internal physical mechanisms.
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Biopsychologists
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Psychodynamic psychology differs from other approaches because it is based on
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thoughts and impulses outside of conscious experience
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The humanistic viewpoint emphasizes
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free will, self-image, and self-actualization
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According to John B. Watson, psychology is the study of
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behavior
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"I seek to understand the principles whereby a child develops the ability to think, speak, perceive, and learn." This statement identifies one as a __________ psychologist.
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developmental
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Behavior is
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anything a person does
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According to the __________ view, the need for love, self-esteem, belonging, self-expression, and creativity are as important as biological needs.
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humanistic
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Biopsychologists
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attempt to explain behavior in terms of biological or physical mechanisms
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What best describes Maslow's concept of self-actualization?
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the need to develop one's potential fully
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Which view of human nature is considered to be the most philosophical and the least scientific?
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humanism
