AP Psychology Chapter 17 – Therapy – Flashcards

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psychotherapy
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an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
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biomedical therapy
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prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system
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eclectic approach
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an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
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psychoanalysis
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Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's feee associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences--and the therapist's interpretations of them--released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
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resistance
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in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
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interpretation
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in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
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transference
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in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
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client-centered therapy
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a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth
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present; future; past
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Unlike many psychoanalytic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the _____ and ______ more than the _____.
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conscious; unconscious
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Unlike many psychoanalytic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the _____ thoughts more than the _____ thoughts.
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responsibility
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Unlike many psychoanalytic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on taking immediate ________ for one's feelings and actions, rather than uncovering hidden determinants.
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growth; illness
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Unlike many psychoanalytic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on promoting _____ rather than curing _____.
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active listening
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empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restate, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.
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Rogers
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the theorist behind "client-centered therapy"
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paraphrase, invite clarification, reflect feelings
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Three things an active listener must do
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behavior therapy
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therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
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counterconditioning
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a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning
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exposure therapy; aversive conditioning
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Counterconditioning includes both ________ _________ and ___________ ____________.
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exposure therapies
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behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
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systematic desensitization
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a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increased anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
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virtual reality exposure therapy
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An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fear, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
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aversive conditioning
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a type of counter-conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
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progressive relaxation
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Using _____ ______, a therapist trains you through systematic desensitization to relax one muscle group after another until you achieve a drowsy state of complete relaxation and comfort.
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token economy
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an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.
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cognitive therapy
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therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
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cognitive-behavior therapy
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a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
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family therapy
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therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.
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interpersonal therapy
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a brief 12- to 16-session form of psychodynamic therapy
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Humanistic therapists
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focus on clients' present and future experiences, on conscious rather than unconscious thoughts, and on taking responsibility for one's feelings and actions
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crisis; need to believe; therapists
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Many people think clients tend to overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because 1) people often enter therapy in _______; 2) clients may ___________ the therapy was worth the effort; 3) Clients generally speak kindly of their _______.
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meta-analysis
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a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
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regression toward the mean
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the tendency for unusual events to "regress" toward their average state.
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improve; more; improve
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Those not undergoing therapy often _____, but those undergoing therapy are ____ likely to _____.
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cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, and behavior therapy
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empirically supported therapies for depression
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cognitive therapy, exposure therapy, and stress inoculation training
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empirically supported therapies for anxiety
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cognitive-behavior therapy
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empirically supported therapy for bulimia
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behavior modification
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empirically supported therapy for bed-wetting
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Francine Shapiro
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introduced eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
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eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
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type of anxiety-reducing therapy introduced by Francine Shapiro, in which one spontaneously darts one's eyes about in order to unlock from frozen trauma memories
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Franz Anton Mesmer
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introduced animal magnetism (hypnosis)
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animal magnetism
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another term for hypnosis, which was introduced by Franz Anton Mesmer
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seasonal affective disorder
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oversleeping, gaining weight, and feeling lethargic during the dark mornings and overcast days of winter
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hope for demoralized people; a new perspective on oneself and the world; and an empathetic, trusting, caring relationship
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three things offered by therapies
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psychopharmacology
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the study of drug effects on mind and behavior
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double-blind technique
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used by researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of any new drug; half the patients receive the drug, the other have a similar-appearing placebo
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tardive dyskinesia
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involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors
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new generation anti-psychotic drugs
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target D1 dopamine receptors; have fewer side effects like tar dive dyskinesia, but appear hardly more effective and seem to increase the risk of obesity and diabetes
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electroconvulsive therapy
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a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
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repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
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the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
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psychosurgery
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surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
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lobotomy
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a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
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