ap psych memory – Flashcards
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Elle failed a Spanish test because she studied for her Italian test after studying Spanish
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retroactive interference
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When rehearsal of incoming information is prevented, what will most likely occur?
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there will be no transfer of the information to long-term memory
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A teen-ager would most probably draw on which of the following to recall her tenth birthday party?
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episodic memory
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According to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing is
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encoding
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When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that are
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in the middle of the list
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The image that persists for about one-half second after being seen is a(n)
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icon
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Psychologists have concluded that long-term memories fall into the following two categories:
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procedural memory and fact memory.
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Students often assume that because they can answer all the study questions once, they have sufficiently prepared for a test. This mistaken attitude overlooks the importance of __________ for improving memory.
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overlearning
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A mail clerk has to rearrange mailboxes in a student dormitory and for a few days has difficulty sorting the mail since the out slots interfere with her memory of the new slots. This illustrates
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proactive interference.
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The kind of memory that lasts for less than a second or two is
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sensory memory
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Rehearsal works best when
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it is used to link new information with existing memories and knowledge.
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Most likely your of where you were the morning of September 11, 2001 is an example of a(n)
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flashbulb memory
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Modern cognitive research suggests that memory for emotionally arousing events
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is remembered vividly.
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Knowing how to board a train is considered a _______ memory, while knowing that Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States is a _________ memory.
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procedural (implicit); declarative (explicit) memory
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Which part of long term memory stores autobiographical memory?
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episodic memory
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Extreme photographic memory is known as
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eidectic memory
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Bonnie is trying to remember what grocery items she needs from the stores. She repeats the words. Eggs, cookies, bread, tortillas, and pretzels over and over again in her mind. Bonnie is utilizing which memory technique?
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maintenance rehearsal
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H.M. lost the ability to create new memories after his surgery, he is suffering from
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anterograde amnesia.
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_________ occurs when newly learned information prevents the retrieval of previously stored, similar information.
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Retroactive interference
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When you try to relate psychological terms you are learning in class to personal examples from your life. You are using
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elaborative rehearsal.
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Highly emotional memories such as those which many prisoners of war have experienced may cause post traumatic stress disorder. Recent research has found which brain structure to play a significant role in these emotional memories?
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amygdala
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The _________ theory claims that establishing more connections with long-term memories makes information more meaningful and memorable and thus easier to recall.
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levels-of-processing
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Mnemonics are methods for
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encoding information by associating it with information already in LTM.
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You are an actor worried about remembering your lines. In order to help you a friend suggests that you remember each portion of the script by linking it to different places in your home. What memory technique has your friend suggested?
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method of loci
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When you learn the tango, you forget the mambo that you learned last year, this is an example of
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retroactive interference.
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Which process transfers information from sensory memory to short-term memory?
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attention
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The study of the process of memory is of most interest to ___________ psychologists.
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cognitive
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The tendency for prior learning to inhibit recall of later learning is called
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proactive interference.
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Cue-dependent (or context dependent) theories of memory suggest that you would do best on your chemistry test if you could be tested
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in the room where you studied.
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__________ concentrates on the meaning of information you want to remember.
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Elaborative rehearsal
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The storage capacity of long-term memory is best described as
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limitless
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The "magic number" __________ represents the average number of "bits" of information that short-term memory can usually handle
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7
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When new learning disrupts the ability to recall past, stored information, __________ has been said to occur.
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retroactive interference
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The fact that many people don't know which way Lincoln is facing on the penny is probably due to
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encoding failure
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A multiple choice question (like this one) makes greatest use of which type of memory?
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recognition
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Individuals who have amazingly developed skill despite their mental handicap are referred to as
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savants
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A guitarist uses ________ to recall how to play the notes of a specific song.
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procedural memory
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Your memory of how much fun you had last Spring break is an example of
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episodic memory.
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Which of the following statements best describes forgetting, as characterized by Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve?
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We forget rapidly at first and then more slowly as time goes on.
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James was hit in the head by a pitch in baseball and no longer remembers anything prior to the incident but can form new memories. He likely suffers from:
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retrograde amnesia
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The TOT (tip of the tongue) phenomenon occurs when
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you know a word but cannot name it.
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Which kind of forgetting is involved when the sociology I studied yesterday makes it more difficult to learn and remember the psychology I am studying today?
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proactive interference
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The psychoanalytic concept of repression suggests a difficulty in the functioning of which aspect of memory?
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Retrieval